發(fā)布時間：2019-03-11 20:26

【摘要】：中國已經(jīng)成為全球碳排放總量最大的國家,且由于正處在快速工業(yè)化和城市化的關(guān)鍵時期,與之伴隨的繼續(xù)增加的碳排放越來越受到國際關(guān)注,對碳減排的壓力亦日益增加。碳減排需要從減少碳源和增加碳匯兩個方面同時推進(jìn)。本文利用中國森林資源清查數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合排放系數(shù)法、森林碳匯蓄積量法和草地固碳速率法,比較全面的估算了省級尺度區(qū)域的能源消耗碳排放、森林碳匯、草地碳匯和耕地碳匯,分析了中國碳排放總量、人均碳排放、地均碳排放、能源強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域差異,以及碳匯和碳盈余的空間格局特征:①從省級區(qū)域單元看,碳排放總量列前三名的是山東、山西和河北,較低的省區(qū)為寧夏、青海和海南;人均碳排放較高的為內(nèi)蒙古、山西和寧夏,較低的省區(qū)為江西、海南和廣西;地均碳排放最高的為上海,最低的省區(qū)為青海;碳排放強(qiáng)度最低的省區(qū)包括北京、廣東、上海、浙江等。②從全國來看,森林碳匯占總碳匯的52.85%,云南和黑龍江森林碳匯優(yōu)勢顯著;草地碳匯占總碳匯的38.51%,主要集中在內(nèi)蒙古、青海和新疆等省區(qū);耕地碳匯占總碳匯的8.63%,主要集中在黑龍江、吉林、河南和遼寧等省區(qū)。今后,東部地區(qū)應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式,通過科技創(chuàng)新,提高能源利用效率;中部地區(qū)要抓住綠色發(fā)展機(jī)遇,推動低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)跨越發(fā)展;東北地區(qū)的黑龍江碳匯能力較強(qiáng),可積極參與國際碳交易;西部地區(qū)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)管理,加速技術(shù)改進(jìn),提高能源利用效率,并加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè),增強(qiáng)碳匯能力。
[Abstract]:China has become the country with the largest global carbon emission, and as a result of being in the critical period of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the continued increase of carbon emissions associated with it has attracted international attention, and the pressure on carbon emission reduction has also increased. Carbon reduction needs to be promoted simultaneously from both the reduction of carbon sources and the addition of carbon sinks. In this paper, the energy consumption carbon emission, the carbon sink of the forest, the carbon sink of the grassland and the carbon sink of the cultivated land are comprehensively estimated by using the forest resources inventory data and related statistical data of China, combined with the emission coefficient method, the forest carbon sink accumulation amount method and the grass solid carbon rate method. The spatial pattern of carbon emission, carbon emission per capita, carbon emission and energy intensity in China, and the spatial pattern of carbon sink and carbon surplus were analyzed. The top three of the total carbon emission were Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei, and the lower provinces were Ningxia. In Qinghai and Hainan, the higher per capita carbon emission is Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Ningxia, and the lower provinces are Jiangxi, Hainan and Guangxi; the highest carbon emission in the land is Shanghai, the lowest provinces are Qinghai; the provinces with the lowest carbon emission intensity include Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang and so on. From the national point of view, the forest carbon sink accounts for 52.85% of the total carbon sink, and the carbon sink of the forest in Yunnan and Heilongjiang is significant; the carbon sink of the grassland accounts for 38.51% of the total carbon sink, mainly in the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Xinjiang; the carbon sink of the cultivated land accounts for 8.63% of the total carbon sink, which is mainly concentrated in the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. Henan and Liaoning provinces and other provinces. In the future, the eastern region should change the way of development, improve the energy utilization efficiency through scientific and technological innovation, seize the green development opportunity in the central region, and promote the development of the low-carbon industry; the Heilongjiang carbon-sink capacity in the Northeast is strong, and can actively participate in the international carbon trade; The western region should strengthen the management, accelerate the technological improvement, improve the energy utilization efficiency, and strengthen the construction of the ecological environment and enhance the carbon sink capacity.
【作者單位】： 河南大學(xué)環(huán)境與規(guī)劃學(xué)院黃河中下游數(shù)字地理技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中原經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)"三化"協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展河南省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;中國科學(xué)院科技政策與管理科學(xué)研究所;南陽師范學(xué)院環(huán)境科學(xué)與旅游學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41171438) 國家重大科學(xué)研究計劃項目(2012CB955804) 教育部人文社會科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項目(10JJDZONGHE015) 河南省教育廳人文社科項目(2012-JD-010)
【分類號】：X196

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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