【摘要】：美國(guó)早期歷史上存在兩條國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展路線主張,即杰斐遜重農(nóng)主義和漢密爾頓重工商主義。兩者在思想和政策方面存在分歧,即,在經(jīng)濟(jì)思想方面,前者思想乃對(duì)法國(guó)重農(nóng)學(xué)派和亞當(dāng).斯密古典自由主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)進(jìn)行美國(guó)本土化創(chuàng)新的成果,即美國(guó)重農(nóng)主義思想;后者思想乃歐洲古典重商主義和漢密爾頓制造業(yè)保護(hù)主義思想;在經(jīng)濟(jì)政策方面,前者主張大力發(fā)展北美大陸擴(kuò)張性農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),同時(shí)發(fā)展作為農(nóng)業(yè)的"仆人"的手工業(yè)和家庭制造業(yè),主張實(shí)行"自由放任"國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和"自由貿(mào)易"國(guó)際商業(yè)政策;后者主張?jiān)诎l(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)同時(shí),大力發(fā)展工業(yè)尤其是工廠制造業(yè)和商業(yè),主張實(shí)行制造業(yè)保護(hù)主義政策和重商主義政策。在政治經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與國(guó)家發(fā)展前景方面存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。兩者又具有諸多內(nèi)在契合性、相容性或一致性。在應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際重商主義體系挑戰(zhàn)、民族國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展危機(jī)及在滿足國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型需求下,兩者在1789年聯(lián)邦國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展路線中實(shí)現(xiàn)了融合,并達(dá)成共識(shí):通過(guò)建構(gòu)聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展路線,在聯(lián)邦國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、受保護(hù)的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大化和一體化中,兩者各得其所地發(fā)展、相互促進(jìn)地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the early history of the United States, there were two lines of national economic development, namely Jefferson's emphasis on agriculture and Hamilton's emphasis on business. There are differences in thought and policy between the two, that is, in the economic thought, the former thought is the French school of emphasis on agriculture and Adam. Smith's classical liberalism political economy is the result of the innovation of American localization, that is, American agriculturalism thought, the latter thought is European classical mercantilism and Hamilton manufacturing protectionism thought. In terms of economic policy, the former advocated vigorously developing the expansionary agricultural economy of the North American continent, and at the same time developed handicrafts and household manufacturing as "servants" of agriculture. Advocate "laissez-faire" domestic economic policy and "free trade" international commercial policy; The latter advocates the development of industry, especially factory manufacturing and commerce, and the implementation of protectionist and mercantilist policies while developing agricultural economy. There is competition between political and economic interests and the prospect of national development. They also have a lot of inherent consistency, compatibility or consistency. In response to the challenges of the international mercantilism system, the crisis of the economic development of the nation-state and the need to meet the needs of the transformation of the national economic development, the two achieved their integration in the course of the development of the federal national economy in 1789. And reached a consensus: through the construction of the federal unified national economic development line, in the federal national economic integration, the protected domestic market expansion and integration, the two have their own advantages and promote the development of each other.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;武漢大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：F091.3

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