堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決對(duì)泥石流規(guī)模放大效應(yīng)影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 08:14
【摘要】：泥石流災(zāi)害現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)重大的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害之一,這種災(zāi)害會(huì)引起堵塞江河、掩埋村莊及摧毀建筑廠礦的危害,造成了重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡。泥石流指的是山區(qū)或者溝谷深壑的險(xiǎn)峻地區(qū),暴雨、暴雪等自然災(zāi)害引發(fā)山體滑坡并且攜帶有大量泥沙及石塊的特殊洪流。如果流入溝道內(nèi)的山洪引發(fā)了堰塞壩的連續(xù)潰決,壩體連續(xù)潰決的洪流會(huì)使泥石流的規(guī)模放大,非常容易在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)造成特大泥石流災(zāi)害。本文以七盤溝和舟曲泥石流為例,地震觸發(fā)了大量的崩塌、滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,這些堆積體在溝道內(nèi)形成大量的堵塞壩。2013年7月10日,汶川縣七盤溝由于大暴雨而引發(fā)洪流,上游洪水先造成支溝堰塞壩潰決,產(chǎn)生的突發(fā)性高強(qiáng)洪水再使主溝的壩體潰決,最后造成特大泥石流災(zāi)害。研究堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決的過(guò)程及對(duì)泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng),對(duì)于研究泥石流的定性危害具有重要的科學(xué)理論意義,更對(duì)連續(xù)潰決型泥石流的治理具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文是在野外勘查的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用野外泥石流堆積體為研究對(duì)象,以室內(nèi)物理試驗(yàn)方法,深入研究堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決對(duì)泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng),其中主要研究壩體的初始含水率顆粒級(jí)配、水槽坡度和壩體顆粒機(jī)配對(duì)放大效應(yīng)的影響,最后得出了以下成果和認(rèn)識(shí):(1)當(dāng)上游堰塞壩發(fā)生潰決,會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的涌動(dòng)洪水,并增加溝道內(nèi)的物質(zhì)的勢(shì)能,增大轉(zhuǎn)化而成的流體的動(dòng)能,致使壩體連續(xù)潰決而造成泥石流規(guī)模放大,形成特大泥石流災(zāi)害。(2)堰塞壩的連續(xù)潰決中,壩體的潰決破壞形式為漫頂潰決,其中為瞬時(shí)漫頂潰決,潰決洪水會(huì)對(duì)壩體進(jìn)行過(guò)壩沖刷侵蝕,壩體坡面整體侵蝕,歷時(shí)短,壩體幾乎無(wú)滲透和管涌作用。(3)根據(jù)不同水槽坡度的堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決試驗(yàn),當(dāng)水槽坡度為5°時(shí),壩體的潰決能量的放大倍數(shù)約2倍,泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng)不是特別大;當(dāng)水槽坡度為18°時(shí),連續(xù)的潰壩能量放大比例更大,泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng)也比較明顯。(4)壩體的材料對(duì)堰塞壩連續(xù)潰決造成的泥石流規(guī)模有一定的影響,其中對(duì)于不同含水情況的壩體,在泥石流來(lái)流的沖刷下,初始含水率越大的壩體,潰決能量的放大倍數(shù)越高,泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng)越明顯。(5)壩體的級(jí)配特征以粒徑中值D50和不均勻系數(shù)Cu為參考值,隨著D50的增大,不均勻系數(shù)也在增大,潰決能量的放大倍數(shù)最大,對(duì)泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng)影響更大。說(shuō)明粒徑中值較大的壩體連續(xù)潰決對(duì)泥石流規(guī)模的放大效應(yīng)是明顯的。
[Abstract]:Debris flow disaster has become one of the major geological disasters in China, which will cause the damage of blocking rivers, burying villages and destroying construction factories and mines, resulting in great economic losses and casualties. Debris flow refers to steep areas in mountainous areas or deep gullies. Natural disasters such as torrential rain, heavy snow and other natural disasters cause landslides and carry a large amount of sediment and rocks. If the mountain torrents flowing into the channel cause the continuous collapse of the dam and the dam, the continuous collapse of the dam body will enlarge the scale of the debris flow, and it is easy to cause the catastrophic debris flow disaster in a very short time. Taking Qipangou and Zhouqu debris flow as examples, the earthquake triggered a large number of geological disasters, such as collapses and landslides, which formed a large number of blocked dams in the channel. On July 10, 2013, Qipangou, Wenchuan County, was flooded by torrential rain. The upstream flood caused the break of the dam first, the sudden high strength flood caused the dam body of the main ditch burst, and finally caused the huge debris flow disaster. It is of great scientific and theoretical significance to study the process of continuous collapse of dam and Weir dam and its magnification effect on the scale of debris flow. It is also of practical application value to control the debris flow of continuous collapse type. This paper is based on the field exploration, using the debris flow accumulation in the field as the research object, using the indoor physical test method to study the amplification effect of the continuous collapse of the Weir, plug and dam on the scale of the debris flow. The effects of initial water content particle gradation, flume gradient and granulation machine on magnification effect of dam body are studied. Finally, the following results and understandings are obtained: (1) when the upstream dam collapses, a large number of inrush floods will occur. And increase the potential energy of the material in the channel, increase the kinetic energy of the transformed fluid, cause the dam body to burst continuously and cause the scale of debris flow to enlarge, and form the huge debris flow disaster. (2) during the continuous collapse of the dam, The failure form of dam body is overtopping, which is instantaneous overtopping outburst. The burst flood will erode the dam body through the dam, and the whole slope of the dam body will erode for a short time. (3) according to the continuous break test of Weir and plug dam with different flume slope, when the flume slope is 5 擄, the magnification of collapse energy of dam body is about 2 times, and the amplification effect of debris flow scale is not especially large. When the slope of flume is 18 擄, the energy amplification ratio of continuous dam break is larger, and the amplification effect of debris flow scale is also obvious. (4) the material of dam body has certain influence on the scale of debris flow caused by continuous collapse of dam and dam. For the dam with different water content, under the erosion of debris flow, the larger the initial water content, the higher the magnification of breaking energy. The larger the scale of debris flow is, the more obvious the scaling effect is. (5) the gradation characteristics of the dam body take the median particle size D50 and the non-uniform coefficient Cu as the reference values. With the increase of D _ (50), the non-uniform coefficient is also increasing, and the magnification of breaking energy is the largest. The amplification effect on the scale of debris flow is more important. The results show that the amplification effect of continuous collapse of dam body with large median particle size on the scale of debris flow is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23
本文編號(hào)：2123435
[Abstract]:Debris flow disaster has become one of the major geological disasters in China, which will cause the damage of blocking rivers, burying villages and destroying construction factories and mines, resulting in great economic losses and casualties. Debris flow refers to steep areas in mountainous areas or deep gullies. Natural disasters such as torrential rain, heavy snow and other natural disasters cause landslides and carry a large amount of sediment and rocks. If the mountain torrents flowing into the channel cause the continuous collapse of the dam and the dam, the continuous collapse of the dam body will enlarge the scale of the debris flow, and it is easy to cause the catastrophic debris flow disaster in a very short time. Taking Qipangou and Zhouqu debris flow as examples, the earthquake triggered a large number of geological disasters, such as collapses and landslides, which formed a large number of blocked dams in the channel. On July 10, 2013, Qipangou, Wenchuan County, was flooded by torrential rain. The upstream flood caused the break of the dam first, the sudden high strength flood caused the dam body of the main ditch burst, and finally caused the huge debris flow disaster. It is of great scientific and theoretical significance to study the process of continuous collapse of dam and Weir dam and its magnification effect on the scale of debris flow. It is also of practical application value to control the debris flow of continuous collapse type. This paper is based on the field exploration, using the debris flow accumulation in the field as the research object, using the indoor physical test method to study the amplification effect of the continuous collapse of the Weir, plug and dam on the scale of the debris flow. The effects of initial water content particle gradation, flume gradient and granulation machine on magnification effect of dam body are studied. Finally, the following results and understandings are obtained: (1) when the upstream dam collapses, a large number of inrush floods will occur. And increase the potential energy of the material in the channel, increase the kinetic energy of the transformed fluid, cause the dam body to burst continuously and cause the scale of debris flow to enlarge, and form the huge debris flow disaster. (2) during the continuous collapse of the dam, The failure form of dam body is overtopping, which is instantaneous overtopping outburst. The burst flood will erode the dam body through the dam, and the whole slope of the dam body will erode for a short time. (3) according to the continuous break test of Weir and plug dam with different flume slope, when the flume slope is 5 擄, the magnification of collapse energy of dam body is about 2 times, and the amplification effect of debris flow scale is not especially large. When the slope of flume is 18 擄, the energy amplification ratio of continuous dam break is larger, and the amplification effect of debris flow scale is also obvious. (4) the material of dam body has certain influence on the scale of debris flow caused by continuous collapse of dam and dam. For the dam with different water content, under the erosion of debris flow, the larger the initial water content, the higher the magnification of breaking energy. The larger the scale of debris flow is, the more obvious the scaling effect is. (5) the gradation characteristics of the dam body take the median particle size D50 and the non-uniform coefficient Cu as the reference values. With the increase of D _ (50), the non-uniform coefficient is also increasing, and the magnification of breaking energy is the largest. The amplification effect on the scale of debris flow is more important. The results show that the amplification effect of continuous collapse of dam body with large median particle size on the scale of debris flow is obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23
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