【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到一定水平出現(xiàn)的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向城鎮(zhèn)流動(dòng)，從而造成城鎮(zhèn)人口聚集的現(xiàn)象。農(nóng)民工市民化是農(nóng)民工在身份地位、生活方式、城市公共服務(wù)、心理歸屬等方面向城鎮(zhèn)市民轉(zhuǎn)化的過程。市民化是城鎮(zhèn)化的核心和本質(zhì)，對(duì)統(tǒng)一城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展和新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)有重要作用。 本文是在政府高度重視城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展，提出提高城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量、建設(shè)新型城鎮(zhèn)化道路的背景下展開研究。目前我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展，城鎮(zhèn)化率已基本達(dá)到世界平均水平，但是城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量不高，人的城鎮(zhèn)化水平不夠。本文以提高農(nóng)民工就業(yè)質(zhì)量為切入點(diǎn)，，通過對(duì)大量文獻(xiàn)、資料的梳理研究，利用比較分析法、并結(jié)合靜態(tài)分析與動(dòng)態(tài)分析對(duì)農(nóng)民工市民化問題進(jìn)行了分析研究。 本文第一部分對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)梳理。第二部分分析了農(nóng)民工就業(yè)與市民化的內(nèi)在機(jī)制，指出就業(yè)是農(nóng)民工市民化的必要前提和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，提高農(nóng)民工就業(yè)質(zhì)量是推動(dòng)市民化的重要突破口，對(duì)推動(dòng)市民化有顯著促進(jìn)作用。第三部分總結(jié)了當(dāng)前農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)的諸多問題：信息渠道窄；勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高、工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)含量低、工資待遇少；工作不穩(wěn)定、更換頻繁；文化水平低、接受培訓(xùn)少；組織化程度低、勞動(dòng)權(quán)益保障不足。并對(duì)影響農(nóng)民工就業(yè)質(zhì)量的因素進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，具體包括產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)存在偏差以及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的背離現(xiàn)象；歧視性的就業(yè)制度和社會(huì)偏見；勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)信息傳遞不靈；人力資本投資不足；政府沒有充分發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用。第四部分總結(jié)英國(guó)、美國(guó)、德國(guó)和日本城鎮(zhèn)化過程中的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以及印度在城鎮(zhèn)化過程中的失敗教訓(xùn)�；谝陨系姆治�，本文的最后部分提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的政策建議：消除就業(yè)歧視，發(fā)展中小城鎮(zhèn)服務(wù)業(yè)；建立人力資源供求信息共享機(jī)制；增強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)民工的基礎(chǔ)教育和在職培訓(xùn)；增加對(duì)農(nóng)民工在城鎮(zhèn)中創(chuàng)業(yè)的扶持力度；改善農(nóng)民工工作條件、保障農(nóng)民工的勞動(dòng)權(quán)益。本文力圖以提高就業(yè)質(zhì)量為切入點(diǎn)研究市民化問題，這也是本文的創(chuàng)新之處。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the phenomenon that the rural labor force flows to the cities and towns with the economic development to a certain level, thus causing the urban population to gather. The urbanization of migrant workers is the process of transforming migrant workers to urban citizens in the aspects of status, lifestyle, urban public service, psychological ownership and so on. Urbanization is the core and essence of urbanization, which plays an important role in unifying the urban and rural labor market, promoting the healthy development of national economy and the construction of new urbanization. In this paper, the government attaches great importance to the development of urbanization, proposed to improve the quality of urbanization, the construction of a new road to urbanization under the background of the study. At present, China's urbanization has developed rapidly, and the urbanization rate has basically reached the world average level, but the quality of urbanization is not high, and the urbanization level of people is not enough. In this paper, the employment quality of migrant workers as a starting point, through a large number of literature, data combing research, using comparative analysis, and combined with static analysis and dynamic analysis of migrant workers to analyze the problem of citizenship. The first part of this paper reviews the relevant research results at home and abroad. The second part analyzes the internal mechanism of migrant workers' employment and citizenship, and points out that employment is the necessary prerequisite and key link of migrant workers' citizenship, and improving the quality of migrant workers' employment is an important breakthrough to promote the urbanization. On the promotion of citizenship has a significant role in promoting. The third part summarizes the current employment situation of migrant workers into the city and finds many problems in the employment of migrant workers: narrow information channels, high labor intensity, long working hours, low technical content, less pay, unstable work, frequent replacement; Low level of education, less training, low degree of organization and inadequate protection of labor rights and interests. The factors affecting the employment quality of migrant workers are summarized, including the deviation between industrial structure adjustment and employment structure, the deviation between economic growth and employment growth, the discriminatory employment system and social prejudice. The labor market information transmission does not work; the human capital investment is insufficient; the government does not give full play to the leading role. The fourth part summarizes the successful experience of urbanization in Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan, as well as the failure of India in the process of urbanization. Based on the above analysis, the last part of this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations: eliminating employment discrimination, developing service industry in small and medium-sized towns, establishing information sharing mechanism of human resource supply and demand, strengthening basic education and on-the-job training for migrant workers; We will increase the support for migrant workers to start their own businesses in cities and towns, improve their working conditions, and ensure their labor rights and interests. This paper tries to improve the quality of employment as a starting point to study the issue of citizenship, which is the innovation of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;F299.2

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