城市管理的公共性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-10 20:22
【摘要】：處于世界城市化浪潮之中,中國的城市化進程呈現(xiàn)出自身的特點：起步晚、發(fā)展迅猛。中國用30年時間走完了歐洲國家將近100年才走完的城市化路程,短短幾十年中國的城市化率已超過50%。中國的城市化經(jīng)驗對世界國家,特別是發(fā)展中國家產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。但無疑中國也和全世界其他國家一樣遭受著“城市病”的困擾,可以說情況更復(fù)雜、程度更深,這給城市管理提出了嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。然而中國城市管理的現(xiàn)狀令人擔憂。一方面,“城市病”呈集中式爆發(fā)。交通擁堵、城市內(nèi)澇、空間分異、住房、醫(yī)療、教育、養(yǎng)老等問題已經(jīng)成為制約城市發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。另一方面,城市管理理念、方式方法落后,與城市化的客觀要求不相適應(yīng),甚至主觀上促使城市病的產(chǎn)生或惡化。原因是多方面的,有體制機制上的因素,也有文化觀念上的因素,還有學(xué)科理論上的因素。但其根本原因在于城市管理缺乏對城市公共性的遵從。 治理“城市病”的根本途徑就在于糾正城市管理的公共性偏離。一方面,從理論上要明確城市管理自身的特點、內(nèi)容和相應(yīng)的機制。城市管理以城市為對象,不同于農(nóng)村分散管理,不同于國家宏觀管理,也不同于企業(yè)微觀管理。國家宏觀管理由統(tǒng)一的法律和政策規(guī)定來管理；企業(yè)管理是一個具體組織的微觀管理,取決于管理對象的存在價值和組織使命；農(nóng)村管理具有不一樣的環(huán)境、對象,不具備聚集效應(yīng),是一種分散化的管理。而城市管理的特性是城市的本質(zhì)屬性,也即由城市公共品需求和公共品供給構(gòu)成的城市公共品體系所決定的城市公共性。這便決定了城市管理是城市公共性的管理,也即管理城市公共品需求和城市公共品供給,確保城市公共品供給總量與需求一致、各類別城市公共品供給與需求一致、城市公共品供給空間分布均衡以及供給主觀努力符合客觀需求。城市公共品需求的準確表達以及城市公共品供給的空間特性客觀上使得公民參與和城市規(guī)劃漸入城市管理的核心地帶。 另一方面,從實踐上確立城市管理的公共性方向。城市公共性方向的確立有賴于城市政府加強供給能力邊界管理,根據(jù)城市公共品整體供給能力確定城市發(fā)展規(guī)模,依據(jù)城市公共品體系中的“短板”來改善供給結(jié)構(gòu)；有賴于核心機制的健全和公共領(lǐng)域的培育,以增強公民參與意識、制約公共權(quán)力、糾正政府自利傾向；有賴于公共文化的培育以保證公共管理意識得以形成并延續(xù),以減少主觀隨意性對城市管理的侵害；有賴于學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)研究的充實,以構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)化的城市管理學(xué)科體系,為城市管理活動提供理論支撐。
[Abstract]:In the tide of urbanization in the world, China's urbanization process presents its own characteristics: late start, rapid development. China has spent 30 years on the road to urbanisation in Europe that took nearly 100 years, and in just a few decades China's urbanization rate has exceeded 50, 000. China's urbanization experience has had an important impact on countries around the world, especially developing countries. But there is no doubt that China, like other countries in the world, is beset by "urban diseases", which can be said to be more complex and deeper, which poses a severe challenge to urban management. Yet the state of urban governance in China is worrying. On the one hand, urban disease is a centralized outbreak. Traffic congestion, urban waterlogging, spatial differentiation, housing, medical care, education, pension and other problems have become the key factors restricting urban development. On the other hand, the concept and method of urban management are backward, which do not adapt to the objective requirements of urbanization, and even promote the emergence or deterioration of urban diseases subjectively. There are many reasons, such as institutional mechanism, cultural concept and discipline theory. However, the fundamental reason is that urban management lacks compliance with urban publicity. The fundamental way to cure urban disease is to correct the deviation of urban management. On the one hand, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics, contents and corresponding mechanism of urban management in theory. Urban management is different from rural decentralized management, national macro management and enterprise micro management. State macro-management is governed by unified laws and policies; enterprise management is the micro-management of a specific organization, depending on the existence value and organizational mission of the management object; rural management has a different environment and objects, Without aggregation effect, it is a decentralized management. The characteristic of urban management is the essential attribute of the city, that is, the urban public quality determined by the urban public goods system which is composed of the urban public goods demand and the public goods supply. This determines that urban management is the management of urban public goods, that is, to manage the demand for urban public goods and the supply of urban public goods, to ensure that the total supply of urban public goods is consistent with the demand, and that all kinds of urban public goods supply and demand are consistent. Urban public goods supply spatial distribution equilibrium and supply subjective efforts in line with objective demand. The accurate expression of urban public goods demand and the spatial characteristics of urban public goods supply make citizen participation and urban planning gradually into the core of urban management. On the other hand, the public direction of urban management should be established in practice. The establishment of urban publicity depends on the city government strengthening the boundary management of supply capacity, determining the scale of urban development according to the overall supply capacity of urban public goods, and improving the supply structure according to the "short board" in the urban public goods system; It depends on the perfection of the core mechanism and the cultivation of the public sphere in order to strengthen the citizen's participation consciousness, restrict the public power, correct the government's self-interest tendency, and depend on the cultivation of the public culture to ensure the formation and continuation of the public management consciousness. In order to reduce the encroachment of subjective arbitrariness on urban management, it depends on the enrichment of discipline basic research to construct a systematic discipline system of urban management and to provide theoretical support for urban management activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.2
本文編號：2176093
[Abstract]:In the tide of urbanization in the world, China's urbanization process presents its own characteristics: late start, rapid development. China has spent 30 years on the road to urbanisation in Europe that took nearly 100 years, and in just a few decades China's urbanization rate has exceeded 50, 000. China's urbanization experience has had an important impact on countries around the world, especially developing countries. But there is no doubt that China, like other countries in the world, is beset by "urban diseases", which can be said to be more complex and deeper, which poses a severe challenge to urban management. Yet the state of urban governance in China is worrying. On the one hand, urban disease is a centralized outbreak. Traffic congestion, urban waterlogging, spatial differentiation, housing, medical care, education, pension and other problems have become the key factors restricting urban development. On the other hand, the concept and method of urban management are backward, which do not adapt to the objective requirements of urbanization, and even promote the emergence or deterioration of urban diseases subjectively. There are many reasons, such as institutional mechanism, cultural concept and discipline theory. However, the fundamental reason is that urban management lacks compliance with urban publicity. The fundamental way to cure urban disease is to correct the deviation of urban management. On the one hand, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics, contents and corresponding mechanism of urban management in theory. Urban management is different from rural decentralized management, national macro management and enterprise micro management. State macro-management is governed by unified laws and policies; enterprise management is the micro-management of a specific organization, depending on the existence value and organizational mission of the management object; rural management has a different environment and objects, Without aggregation effect, it is a decentralized management. The characteristic of urban management is the essential attribute of the city, that is, the urban public quality determined by the urban public goods system which is composed of the urban public goods demand and the public goods supply. This determines that urban management is the management of urban public goods, that is, to manage the demand for urban public goods and the supply of urban public goods, to ensure that the total supply of urban public goods is consistent with the demand, and that all kinds of urban public goods supply and demand are consistent. Urban public goods supply spatial distribution equilibrium and supply subjective efforts in line with objective demand. The accurate expression of urban public goods demand and the spatial characteristics of urban public goods supply make citizen participation and urban planning gradually into the core of urban management. On the other hand, the public direction of urban management should be established in practice. The establishment of urban publicity depends on the city government strengthening the boundary management of supply capacity, determining the scale of urban development according to the overall supply capacity of urban public goods, and improving the supply structure according to the "short board" in the urban public goods system; It depends on the perfection of the core mechanism and the cultivation of the public sphere in order to strengthen the citizen's participation consciousness, restrict the public power, correct the government's self-interest tendency, and depend on the cultivation of the public culture to ensure the formation and continuation of the public management consciousness. In order to reduce the encroachment of subjective arbitrariness on urban management, it depends on the enrichment of discipline basic research to construct a systematic discipline system of urban management and to provide theoretical support for urban management activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.2
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