中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)中宏觀問題與對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-26 17:27
【摘要】：當(dāng)前，我國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展迅速，城鎮(zhèn)功能、社會福利水平日趨提高，是我國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的一個相對高度，當(dāng)然，發(fā)展的同時也面臨著諸多社會問題：城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)不協(xié)調(diào)、整體結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、承載能力有限、城鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境惡化、社會矛盾凸顯，城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理等現(xiàn)象。之所以會造成這些現(xiàn)象，是因為我國城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展階段不高，其顯現(xiàn)出來的社會效果復(fù)雜，，同時也跟我國的國情和社會制度有關(guān)，特別是土地制度、人口遷移制度、社會規(guī)劃、國家財政體制、社會公共服務(wù)機制等尚未健全，一些尖銳的社會矛盾亟待解決。 城鎮(zhèn)化是現(xiàn)代化的必由之路。工業(yè)革命以來的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展史表明，一國要成功實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，在工業(yè)化發(fā)展的同時，必須注重城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展。當(dāng)今中國，城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化、信息化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展，是現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的核心內(nèi)容，彼此相輔相成。工業(yè)化處于主導(dǎo)地位，是發(fā)展的動力；農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化是重要基礎(chǔ)，是發(fā)展的根基；信息化具有后發(fā)優(yōu)勢，為發(fā)展注入新的活力；城鎮(zhèn)化是載體和平臺，承載工業(yè)化和信息化發(fā)展空間，帶動農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化加快發(fā)展，發(fā)揮著不可替代的融合作用。2014年初，《國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃》已順利出臺。2013年底先后舉行的中共中央政治局會議和中央城鎮(zhèn)化工作會議均提出，要制定實施好國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃。長期以來，我國的城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)存在著一種畸形發(fā)展趨向，就是城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)資本過度集中投入在城市中心區(qū)域，建筑密度過高，且城市規(guī)劃過于突出強調(diào)“線性規(guī)整”，不但最好的商業(yè)、文化、娛樂設(shè)施過于集中在少數(shù)幾條相鄰的街區(qū)，而且政府的辦公和服務(wù)設(shè)施往往也集中在城市中心區(qū)域。由此造成中心區(qū)域的擁擠和交通流量的嚴(yán)重不均衡狀況。目前，中國城鎮(zhèn)化迅速發(fā)展，但城鎮(zhèn)化也遭遇諸多困擾，對城市居民而言“堵車、污染、內(nèi)澇、房貴”等“大城市病”困擾多多，對農(nóng)民而言“被上樓”、“半城市化”等問題也仍待解決。 當(dāng)今中國大都市往往比拼的是是否擁有現(xiàn)代化高樓林立的“中心商務(wù)區(qū)”（CBD），有無垂直高度能在中國甚至世界上排列位次的摩天大樓，有無所謂“高科技開發(fā)區(qū)”或“科技園”，有無占地面積相當(dāng)奢侈的中心廣場，有無建筑面積或豪華程度可與歐美相比的大劇院、博物館、圖書館、體育館等，至于是否有足夠的文化內(nèi)涵與藝術(shù)、競技水準(zhǔn)，是否能夠為廣大市民提供合格的文化、娛樂、休閑消遣與信息服務(wù)，反倒成為次要的考慮。 中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)中問題與對策研究這是很大的課題。它有著太多的內(nèi)容可以陳述，也有著太多的內(nèi)容有待研究探討。本文僅從宏觀角度簡述歷史上中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)中諸多社會問題的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展，并針對這些問題提出相應(yīng)的對策和建議。 第一部分主要介紹選題背景和意義，分析國內(nèi)外有關(guān)課題研究狀況。 第二部分闡明城鎮(zhèn)化相關(guān)概念和城鎮(zhèn)化基礎(chǔ)理論。 第三部分從我國城鎮(zhèn)化轉(zhuǎn)換過程、城鎮(zhèn)化歷程著手，分析我國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展規(guī)律，并根據(jù)其發(fā)展成就、發(fā)展類型找出我國城鎮(zhèn)化的特點。 第四部分指出我國城鎮(zhèn)化存在的主要問題，特別是功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、承載力、配套設(shè)施、運行特征以及積累的社會矛盾。 第五部分針對我國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展問題，從城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)、人口轉(zhuǎn)換、經(jīng)濟促進、優(yōu)化布局、突出生態(tài)、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)等多方面著手，建立合理完善的社會保障體系，為我國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展創(chuàng)造優(yōu)良的環(huán)境與條件。 結(jié)尾總結(jié)近年來我國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展成就，對未來的發(fā)展道路充滿期望。 本文主要內(nèi)容是從1978年以后我國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的歷史背景著手，深入淺出的闡述城鎮(zhèn)化問題相關(guān)理論，詳細(xì)列舉了國內(nèi)外城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展過程中，由于受到我國多年以來的地源因素、資源區(qū)位、政治因素、人文思想、發(fā)展環(huán)境等影響，所出現(xiàn)的城鎮(zhèn)功能特色不突出、城鎮(zhèn)化結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、城鎮(zhèn)承載能力較弱、城鎮(zhèn)運行欠佳等現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)然，發(fā)展過程中也積累了諸多矛盾，像農(nóng)民工權(quán)益難以充分保障、拆遷補償制度不完善、失地農(nóng)民可持續(xù)保障問題難以兌現(xiàn)、戶籍問題困擾著一代又一代的新新市民。 基于諸多社會問題和矛盾，本文總結(jié)了改革開放三十多年來，我國城鎮(zhèn)化問題的研究者和踐行者的經(jīng)驗與成就，從城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)入手，有序推進農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化；從實體產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟出發(fā)，大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)；從城鎮(zhèn)的優(yōu)化布局出發(fā)，有方向、有重點的促進大、中、小城鎮(zhèn)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展；從生態(tài)文明的理念推廣開始，著力建設(shè)生態(tài)文明城鎮(zhèn)；以經(jīng)濟、文化以及民生關(guān)注的“三民”問題入手，完善推進我國社會保障體制，使得我國的各項制度更加有序地運行和發(fā)展，我國人民在新型城鎮(zhèn)化的體系下安居樂業(yè)，向著13億人民的目標(biāo)——實現(xiàn)富強、民主、文明、和諧的中國夢邁進。
[Abstract]:At present, China's urbanization is developing rapidly, urban functions and social welfare are increasing, which is a relatively high level of urbanization in China. Of course, the development is also faced with many social problems: the urbanization construction is not coordinated, the overall structure is not reasonable, the carrying capacity is limited, the urban environment is deteriorating, social contradictions are highlighted, and the urban and rural structure is not structure. The reason why the phenomenon is reasonable is that the development stage of urbanization in China is not high and its social effect is complicated. At the same time, it is also related to the national conditions and social system of our country, especially the land system, the system of population migration, social planning, the national financial system and the social public service mechanism, and so on. Sharp social contradictions need to be solved.
Urbanization is the only way to modernize. The history of economic and social development since the industrial revolution shows that a country should succeed in realizing modernization and pay attention to the development of urbanization. At the same time, urbanization and industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization are the core contents of modern construction, which complement each other. Industrialization is in the leading position and the motive force of development; agricultural modernization is an important foundation and the foundation of development; information has the advantages of the latter to inject new vitality into the development; urbanization is the carrier and platform to carry the development space of industrialization and information to accelerate the development of agricultural modernization and play an irreplaceable integration. At the beginning of.2014, the national new urbanization plan of the country has been successfully introduced at the end of.2013, the Political Bureau meeting of the Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee and the central urbanization working conference have all proposed to make a good national plan for urbanization. For a long time, there is a tendency of deformity development in China's urban construction, which is the excessive collection of urban construction capital. In the central area of the city, the density of the building is too high, and the urban planning is too prominent to emphasize "linear regulation". Not only the best business, culture, and entertainment facilities are too concentrated in a few adjacent blocks, but also the government's office and service facilities are often concentrated in the city centre area. At present, the urbanization of China has developed rapidly, but the urbanization has also been plagued by many problems. The "big city disease" such as "traffic jam, pollution, waterlogging, house expensive" and so on is plagued with many problems, and the problem of "getting upstairs" and "semi urbanized" for the farmers still needs to be solved.
Nowadays, Chinese metropolises often compare the "central business district" (CBD) with modern high buildings, whether there is a skyscraper that can be arranged in China even in the world. There are no so-called "high-tech development zones" or "science parks". The degree of luxury can be compared with the European and American Theaters, museums, libraries, and gymnasiums. As for whether there is enough cultural connotation and art, competitive level, and whether it can provide the public with qualified culture, entertainment, leisure and information services, it becomes a secondary consideration.
The problems and Countermeasures in the construction of China's urbanization is a great subject. It has too much content to be stated, and there are too many contents to be studied. This article only describes the emergence and development of many social problems in the history of China's urbanization construction from a macro perspective, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for these problems.
The first part mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic selection, and analyzes the research status at home and abroad.
The second part clarifies the relevant concepts of urbanization and the basic theory of urbanization.
The third part begins with the process of urbanization and urbanization in China, analyzes the development law of urbanization in China, and finds out the characteristics of urbanization in China according to its development achievements and types of development.
The fourth part points out the main problems of urbanization in China, especially the function, structure, carrying capacity, supporting facilities, operation characteristics and social contradictions accumulated.
The fifth part, in view of the development of urbanization in China, starts with the construction of cities and towns, population transformation, economic promotion, optimization of layout, ecology and urban and rural areas, and establishes a reasonable and perfect social security system to create excellent environment and articles for the development of urbanization in our country.
The conclusion summarizes the achievements of urbanization in China in recent years, and is full of expectations for the way forward.
The main content of this article is from the historical background of the urbanization development in China after the 1978. It elaborates the related theories of urbanization, and enumerates in detail the influence of the local and foreign urbanization development process, due to the influence of the land source, the resource location, the political factor, the humanistic thought, the development environment and so on in our country for many years. The urban functional characteristics are not prominent, the urbanization structure is not reasonable, the urban carrying capacity is weak, and the urban operation is not good. Of course, there are many contradictions in the process of development, such as the rights and interests of migrant workers are hard to be guaranteed, the compensation system for demolition is not perfect, the problem of sustainable security of the landless farmers is difficult to be fulfilled, and the household registration problem is plagued by the generation after generation. New citizens of the generation.
Based on many social problems and contradictions, this paper summarizes the experience and achievements of the researchers and practitioners of urbanization in China for more than thirty years, starting with the urban and rural infrastructure construction, promoting the citizenization of the agricultural transfer in a orderly way, developing the third industry vigorously from the real industrial economy, starting from the optimal layout of the cities and towns, In the direction, we should focus on promoting the coordinated development of the big, middle and small towns; starting from the concept of ecological civilization, focusing on the construction of ecological civilization towns, starting with the "three people" problem of economic, cultural and people's livelihood, improving the social security system in China, making the various systems in our country run and develop in a more orderly way. Under the new urbanization system, people live and work in peace and contentment, heading for the goal of the 1 billion 300 million people, achieving prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共陜西省委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.21
本文編號：2146746
[Abstract]:At present, China's urbanization is developing rapidly, urban functions and social welfare are increasing, which is a relatively high level of urbanization in China. Of course, the development is also faced with many social problems: the urbanization construction is not coordinated, the overall structure is not reasonable, the carrying capacity is limited, the urban environment is deteriorating, social contradictions are highlighted, and the urban and rural structure is not structure. The reason why the phenomenon is reasonable is that the development stage of urbanization in China is not high and its social effect is complicated. At the same time, it is also related to the national conditions and social system of our country, especially the land system, the system of population migration, social planning, the national financial system and the social public service mechanism, and so on. Sharp social contradictions need to be solved.
Urbanization is the only way to modernize. The history of economic and social development since the industrial revolution shows that a country should succeed in realizing modernization and pay attention to the development of urbanization. At the same time, urbanization and industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization are the core contents of modern construction, which complement each other. Industrialization is in the leading position and the motive force of development; agricultural modernization is an important foundation and the foundation of development; information has the advantages of the latter to inject new vitality into the development; urbanization is the carrier and platform to carry the development space of industrialization and information to accelerate the development of agricultural modernization and play an irreplaceable integration. At the beginning of.2014, the national new urbanization plan of the country has been successfully introduced at the end of.2013, the Political Bureau meeting of the Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee and the central urbanization working conference have all proposed to make a good national plan for urbanization. For a long time, there is a tendency of deformity development in China's urban construction, which is the excessive collection of urban construction capital. In the central area of the city, the density of the building is too high, and the urban planning is too prominent to emphasize "linear regulation". Not only the best business, culture, and entertainment facilities are too concentrated in a few adjacent blocks, but also the government's office and service facilities are often concentrated in the city centre area. At present, the urbanization of China has developed rapidly, but the urbanization has also been plagued by many problems. The "big city disease" such as "traffic jam, pollution, waterlogging, house expensive" and so on is plagued with many problems, and the problem of "getting upstairs" and "semi urbanized" for the farmers still needs to be solved.
Nowadays, Chinese metropolises often compare the "central business district" (CBD) with modern high buildings, whether there is a skyscraper that can be arranged in China even in the world. There are no so-called "high-tech development zones" or "science parks". The degree of luxury can be compared with the European and American Theaters, museums, libraries, and gymnasiums. As for whether there is enough cultural connotation and art, competitive level, and whether it can provide the public with qualified culture, entertainment, leisure and information services, it becomes a secondary consideration.
The problems and Countermeasures in the construction of China's urbanization is a great subject. It has too much content to be stated, and there are too many contents to be studied. This article only describes the emergence and development of many social problems in the history of China's urbanization construction from a macro perspective, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for these problems.
The first part mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic selection, and analyzes the research status at home and abroad.
The second part clarifies the relevant concepts of urbanization and the basic theory of urbanization.
The third part begins with the process of urbanization and urbanization in China, analyzes the development law of urbanization in China, and finds out the characteristics of urbanization in China according to its development achievements and types of development.
The fourth part points out the main problems of urbanization in China, especially the function, structure, carrying capacity, supporting facilities, operation characteristics and social contradictions accumulated.
The fifth part, in view of the development of urbanization in China, starts with the construction of cities and towns, population transformation, economic promotion, optimization of layout, ecology and urban and rural areas, and establishes a reasonable and perfect social security system to create excellent environment and articles for the development of urbanization in our country.
The conclusion summarizes the achievements of urbanization in China in recent years, and is full of expectations for the way forward.
The main content of this article is from the historical background of the urbanization development in China after the 1978. It elaborates the related theories of urbanization, and enumerates in detail the influence of the local and foreign urbanization development process, due to the influence of the land source, the resource location, the political factor, the humanistic thought, the development environment and so on in our country for many years. The urban functional characteristics are not prominent, the urbanization structure is not reasonable, the urban carrying capacity is weak, and the urban operation is not good. Of course, there are many contradictions in the process of development, such as the rights and interests of migrant workers are hard to be guaranteed, the compensation system for demolition is not perfect, the problem of sustainable security of the landless farmers is difficult to be fulfilled, and the household registration problem is plagued by the generation after generation. New citizens of the generation.
Based on many social problems and contradictions, this paper summarizes the experience and achievements of the researchers and practitioners of urbanization in China for more than thirty years, starting with the urban and rural infrastructure construction, promoting the citizenization of the agricultural transfer in a orderly way, developing the third industry vigorously from the real industrial economy, starting from the optimal layout of the cities and towns, In the direction, we should focus on promoting the coordinated development of the big, middle and small towns; starting from the concept of ecological civilization, focusing on the construction of ecological civilization towns, starting with the "three people" problem of economic, cultural and people's livelihood, improving the social security system in China, making the various systems in our country run and develop in a more orderly way. Under the new urbanization system, people live and work in peace and contentment, heading for the goal of the 1 billion 300 million people, achieving prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共陜西省委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.21
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