西安城市環(huán)境與城市貧困的時(shí)空耦合研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-26 17:27
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代以來,中國開始步入社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速轉(zhuǎn)型期。在由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌的過程中,土地使用制度、住房分配制度、戶籍管理制度等各種相關(guān)的制度改革,城市居民收入差距增大,外來人口大量涌入城市內(nèi)部,快速城市化過程中城市空間的快速擴(kuò)展與內(nèi)部重組等因素都促使中國城市貧困格局發(fā)生著顯著的變化。貧困人口組成由傳統(tǒng)的“三無人員”向在職低收入、下崗失業(yè)工人和外來務(wù)工人員開始轉(zhuǎn)變。另外,高等教育趨于普及化發(fā)展,高學(xué)歷就業(yè)人口逐年增多,大部分畢業(yè)生選擇在大城市謀生存,收入低且花銷大,易陷入貧困狀態(tài),成為新城市貧困群體的重要組成部分。 與此同時(shí),伴隨著城市化的快速發(fā)展,城市環(huán)境污染也日益加重,特別是在一些發(fā)展中國家的大城市,各類環(huán)境問題都較為嚴(yán)重。我國的城市環(huán)境問題趨向復(fù)雜化發(fā)展,環(huán)境污染類型逐漸由單一環(huán)境要素的污染向多要素、混合型污染轉(zhuǎn)化,在時(shí)空上由一維向多維立體空間發(fā)展。 西安市是西北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最為迅速的城市之一,在發(fā)展過程中城市貧困問和城市環(huán)境問題越加引起人們的重視。在這種背景下,本文立足于現(xiàn)有的研究成果,選擇了西安市主城區(qū)為實(shí)證研究對(duì)象,以ARCGIS空間分析技術(shù)為支撐,以城市地理學(xué)、城市社會(huì)學(xué)和空間統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)理論為基礎(chǔ),依據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒和政府統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)及調(diào)查問卷獲取的一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),對(duì)西安市城市環(huán)境時(shí)空變化和其與城市貧困的耦合演變特征進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。 本文共分為六章。第一章為緒論。分析了研究背景和研究意義,提出了研究思路和研究框架。第二章為國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究進(jìn)展。首先對(duì)國內(nèi)外新城市貧困的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述,其次對(duì)國內(nèi)外環(huán)境與貧困的相互關(guān)系的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述。第三章為西安市城市環(huán)境的變化特征。首先介紹了本文所研究的區(qū)域范圍,然后分別對(duì)大氣環(huán)境、水環(huán)境、噪聲環(huán)境、植被覆蓋進(jìn)行分析,用多級(jí)模糊評(píng)價(jià)方法分析了綜合環(huán)境質(zhì)量,對(duì)西安市1990-2012年的各類環(huán)境狀況變化進(jìn)行了歸納分析和分類表述。第四章為1990-2012年各類環(huán)境質(zhì)量與貧困程度分布的耦合演變分析,采用ARCGIS分析1990年、2000年、2012年三個(gè)時(shí)間斷面大氣、水、噪聲、植被及綜合環(huán)境與貧困程度的耦合分布特征和演變規(guī)律。第五章為對(duì)策與建議。分別從不同的街區(qū)提出相關(guān)對(duì)策。第六章為結(jié)論與討論。主要概括了本文的主要結(jié)論,指出了研究中存在的不足和今后需要進(jìn)一步探討的問題。 本文的主要結(jié)論有：(1)大氣環(huán)境與貧困程度的耦合基本呈現(xiàn)大氣質(zhì)量好的區(qū)域貧困程度較重而大氣質(zhì)量差的區(qū)域貧困程度相對(duì)較輕。1990-2012年,大氣環(huán)境優(yōu)-良區(qū)域與高度貧困的耦合轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕c輕度貧困耦合；大氣環(huán)境中等區(qū)域其貧困程度呈現(xiàn)隨機(jī)分布,無明顯的耦合規(guī)律；環(huán)境差-較差區(qū)域由基本與中度貧困耦合轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕c低度貧困耦合。 (2)水污染程度與貧困程度呈現(xiàn)分流域耦合,即皂河水污染輕區(qū)域貧困程度低,而下游污染加重,貧困程度也增加；除mP灞交匯處-灞橋鎮(zhèn)外,滬河、灞河也呈現(xiàn)同樣趨勢(shì)。2012年,則呈現(xiàn)隨機(jī)分布,二者基本沒有耦合規(guī)律。 (3)噪聲環(huán)境與貧困程度二者呈現(xiàn)隨機(jī)分布,無明顯耦合關(guān)系。 (4)植被環(huán)境與貧困程度的耦合：在城市遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)植被覆蓋高的地區(qū)基本與重度貧困耦合,而城市中心地區(qū)貧困分布更為復(fù)雜,并未呈現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的耦合規(guī)律。1990年,植被覆蓋較低區(qū)基本與中度貧困耦合,植被覆蓋高的區(qū)域在遠(yuǎn)郊滬灞一帶基本與重度貧困耦合。2000年變?yōu)殡S機(jī)分布,無耦合規(guī)律。2012年,耦合呈現(xiàn)局部細(xì)化。低值區(qū)呈現(xiàn)三條西北-東南向的帶狀耦合區(qū),自南向北依次是南二環(huán)非貧困耦合帶、桃園路至長安路街道輕度貧困耦合帶、紅廟坡至太乙路街道中度貧困耦合帶。植被覆蓋中等區(qū)域與輕度貧困耦合。其它植被覆蓋等級(jí)與貧困程度無明顯的耦合規(guī)律。 (5)綜合環(huán)境與貧困程度的耦合：基本呈現(xiàn)環(huán)境質(zhì)量好的區(qū)域貧困程度較重而質(zhì)量差的區(qū)域貧困程度相對(duì)較輕。1990-2000年,綜合環(huán)境優(yōu)-良的區(qū)域在灞河沿岸由與重度貧困耦合轉(zhuǎn)為無明顯耦合規(guī)律。綜合環(huán)境中-較差的區(qū)域與中度貧困耦合轉(zhuǎn)為在北郊基本與重度貧困耦合而東郊無耦合規(guī)律。綜合環(huán)境差區(qū)與貧困程度由隨機(jī)分布變?yōu)樵诒标P(guān)和紅廟坡一帶與中度貧困耦合,而北院門向西至棗園一帶與輕度貧困耦合。2000-2012年,綜合環(huán)境優(yōu)-良的街道減少,與貧困程度的關(guān)系由無耦合轉(zhuǎn)為在等駕坡附近與輕度貧困耦合。綜合環(huán)境中-較差的區(qū)域在北郊基本與中度貧困耦合轉(zhuǎn)為與輕度貧困耦合。綜合環(huán)境差的街道進(jìn)一步向南和向北擴(kuò)展,轉(zhuǎn)為三條西北-東南向的帶狀耦合區(qū),自南向北依次是棗園至小寨街道非貧困耦合帶,桃園路至長安路街道輕度貧困耦合帶,紅廟坡至太乙路街道中度貧困耦合帶。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, China has entered the society and the rapid transition period of economy. In the course of the transition from planned economy to socialist market economic system, the system of land use, housing distribution system, household registration management system and other related institutional reforms, the income gap of urban residents is increasing, and the influx of foreign population into the city, In the process of rapid urbanization, the rapid expansion of urban space and the internal restructuring have led to significant changes in the urban poverty pattern in China. The composition of the poor population from the traditional "three non personnel" to the in-service low income, the laid-off and unemployed workers and migrant workers began to change. In addition, the higher education tends to be popularized and high school. The employment population is increasing year by year. Most graduates choose to survive in big cities, low income and large cost, easy to fall into poverty, and become an important part of the new urban poor group.
At the same time, with the rapid development of urbanization, urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in large cities in some developing countries. All kinds of environmental problems are more serious. The urban environmental problems in China tend to be complicated, and the types of environmental pollution are gradually from pollution of single environmental factors to multiple elements and mixed pollution transformation, It develops from one dimension to multidimensional space in time and space.
Xi'an is one of the most rapid economic development cities in Northwest China. In the process of development, the problem of urban poverty and urban environmental problems have aroused people's attention more and more. Under this background, this paper, based on the existing research results, chose the main city of Xi'an as an empirical study, supported by the ARCGIS space analysis technology, and the city is supported by the city. On the basis of the related theories of geography, urban sociology and space statistics, based on the data obtained by statistical yearbook and government statistical data and questionnaire, this paper makes an empirical study on the spatio-temporal changes of urban environment in Xi'an and the characteristics of the coupling evolution between urban poverty and urban poverty.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It analyzes the research background and significance, puts forward the research ideas and research framework. The second chapter is the related research progress at home and abroad. First, the research status of the new urban poverty at home and abroad is summarized, and the research status of the domestic and foreign environment and poverty stricken relationship is summarized. The third chapter is the change characteristics of urban environment in Xi'an. Firstly, the regional scope of this paper is introduced, then the atmospheric environment, water environment, noise environment and vegetation cover are analyzed respectively. The comprehensive environmental quality is analyzed with multilevel fuzzy evaluation method, and the changes of various environmental conditions in Xi'an for 1990-2012 years are summarized and analyzed. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the coupling evolution of the environmental quality and the degree of poverty in 1990-2012 years. The ARCGIS analysis of the coupling distribution characteristics of the atmosphere, water, noise, vegetation and the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty in 1990, 2000, 2012, and the degree of poverty is analyzed by ARCGIS. The fifth chapter is the countermeasures and suggestions. The block puts forward relevant countermeasures. The sixth chapter is the conclusion and discussion. It mainly summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, and points out the shortcomings in the study and the problems to be further discussed in the future.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the coupling of atmospheric environment and poverty level shows that the regional poverty degree is relatively heavy in the region with high atmospheric quality and the poor degree of the atmospheric quality is relatively light.1990-2012 years, the coupling of the excellent good region and the high poverty in the atmosphere environment is coupled with the light poverty, and the middle area of the atmosphere is poor. The degree of difficulty is distributed randomly, and there is no obvious coupling law. The poor environment is transformed from the coupling of basic and moderate poverty into coupling with low poverty.
(2) the degree of water pollution and the degree of poverty show a watershed coupling, that is, the degree of poverty in the soaping river pollution light area is low, and the downstream pollution is aggravated, and the degree of poverty is also increased. In addition to the mP Ba interchange, the Baqiao Town, the Shanghai River and the Ba River also present the same trend for.2012 years, and the two are basically not coupled.
(3) the noise environment and the degree of poverty showed a random distribution of the two, and there was no obvious coupling relationship.
(4) coupling of vegetation environment and poverty degree: the area with high vegetation coverage in the urban suburban area is basically coupled with severe poverty, and the distribution of poverty in the central area of the city is more complex, and there is no unified coupling law for.1990 years, the lower vegetation cover is coupled with the moderate poverty, and the area with high vegetation coverage is in the far suburb and Ba Ba area base. The coupling of the heavy poverty and severe poverty has changed into a random distribution in.2000 years, and the coupling has a local refinement in.2012 years without coupling law. The low value area presents three northwest and southeastern band coupling zones. From south to north, the coupling zone of the South Second Ring is not coupled, the Taoyuan road to Changan road is mild poverty coupling zone, and the middle poverty coupling of the Red Temple slope to the Tai B road street is coupled. There is no obvious coupling rule between the other vegetation cover grades and the poverty level.
(5) the coupling of the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty: the regional poverty degree of the regional poverty level is relatively heavy and the poor quality is relatively light in.1990-2000 years, and the comprehensive environment good and good region is transferred from the heavy poverty coupling to the obvious coupling law on the Ba River along the Ba River. The comprehensive environment difference zone and the degree of poverty are changed from random distribution to the moderate poverty in the north gate and the Red Temple slope, while the north courtyard door to the west to the jujube garden is coupled with the mild poverty in.2000-2012, and the comprehensive environmental good and good streets are reduced and the poverty level is close to the poverty level in Beijiao. The system is transferred from non coupling to mild poverty in the vicinity of the equal driving slope. In the comprehensive environment, the poor region is coupled with the moderate poverty coupling to the mild poverty in Beijiao. The integrated environmental poor street is further extended southward and northward to three north-east south-east banded coupling zones, from south to North to Xiao Zhai street. The coupling belt between the Taoyuan road and the Changan road is slightly poor coupling belt, and the middle poverty coupling belt of the Red Temple slope to the Tai Yi Street.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.27
本文編號(hào)：2146744
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, China has entered the society and the rapid transition period of economy. In the course of the transition from planned economy to socialist market economic system, the system of land use, housing distribution system, household registration management system and other related institutional reforms, the income gap of urban residents is increasing, and the influx of foreign population into the city, In the process of rapid urbanization, the rapid expansion of urban space and the internal restructuring have led to significant changes in the urban poverty pattern in China. The composition of the poor population from the traditional "three non personnel" to the in-service low income, the laid-off and unemployed workers and migrant workers began to change. In addition, the higher education tends to be popularized and high school. The employment population is increasing year by year. Most graduates choose to survive in big cities, low income and large cost, easy to fall into poverty, and become an important part of the new urban poor group.
At the same time, with the rapid development of urbanization, urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in large cities in some developing countries. All kinds of environmental problems are more serious. The urban environmental problems in China tend to be complicated, and the types of environmental pollution are gradually from pollution of single environmental factors to multiple elements and mixed pollution transformation, It develops from one dimension to multidimensional space in time and space.
Xi'an is one of the most rapid economic development cities in Northwest China. In the process of development, the problem of urban poverty and urban environmental problems have aroused people's attention more and more. Under this background, this paper, based on the existing research results, chose the main city of Xi'an as an empirical study, supported by the ARCGIS space analysis technology, and the city is supported by the city. On the basis of the related theories of geography, urban sociology and space statistics, based on the data obtained by statistical yearbook and government statistical data and questionnaire, this paper makes an empirical study on the spatio-temporal changes of urban environment in Xi'an and the characteristics of the coupling evolution between urban poverty and urban poverty.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It analyzes the research background and significance, puts forward the research ideas and research framework. The second chapter is the related research progress at home and abroad. First, the research status of the new urban poverty at home and abroad is summarized, and the research status of the domestic and foreign environment and poverty stricken relationship is summarized. The third chapter is the change characteristics of urban environment in Xi'an. Firstly, the regional scope of this paper is introduced, then the atmospheric environment, water environment, noise environment and vegetation cover are analyzed respectively. The comprehensive environmental quality is analyzed with multilevel fuzzy evaluation method, and the changes of various environmental conditions in Xi'an for 1990-2012 years are summarized and analyzed. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the coupling evolution of the environmental quality and the degree of poverty in 1990-2012 years. The ARCGIS analysis of the coupling distribution characteristics of the atmosphere, water, noise, vegetation and the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty in 1990, 2000, 2012, and the degree of poverty is analyzed by ARCGIS. The fifth chapter is the countermeasures and suggestions. The block puts forward relevant countermeasures. The sixth chapter is the conclusion and discussion. It mainly summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, and points out the shortcomings in the study and the problems to be further discussed in the future.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the coupling of atmospheric environment and poverty level shows that the regional poverty degree is relatively heavy in the region with high atmospheric quality and the poor degree of the atmospheric quality is relatively light.1990-2012 years, the coupling of the excellent good region and the high poverty in the atmosphere environment is coupled with the light poverty, and the middle area of the atmosphere is poor. The degree of difficulty is distributed randomly, and there is no obvious coupling law. The poor environment is transformed from the coupling of basic and moderate poverty into coupling with low poverty.
(2) the degree of water pollution and the degree of poverty show a watershed coupling, that is, the degree of poverty in the soaping river pollution light area is low, and the downstream pollution is aggravated, and the degree of poverty is also increased. In addition to the mP Ba interchange, the Baqiao Town, the Shanghai River and the Ba River also present the same trend for.2012 years, and the two are basically not coupled.
(3) the noise environment and the degree of poverty showed a random distribution of the two, and there was no obvious coupling relationship.
(4) coupling of vegetation environment and poverty degree: the area with high vegetation coverage in the urban suburban area is basically coupled with severe poverty, and the distribution of poverty in the central area of the city is more complex, and there is no unified coupling law for.1990 years, the lower vegetation cover is coupled with the moderate poverty, and the area with high vegetation coverage is in the far suburb and Ba Ba area base. The coupling of the heavy poverty and severe poverty has changed into a random distribution in.2000 years, and the coupling has a local refinement in.2012 years without coupling law. The low value area presents three northwest and southeastern band coupling zones. From south to north, the coupling zone of the South Second Ring is not coupled, the Taoyuan road to Changan road is mild poverty coupling zone, and the middle poverty coupling of the Red Temple slope to the Tai B road street is coupled. There is no obvious coupling rule between the other vegetation cover grades and the poverty level.
(5) the coupling of the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty: the regional poverty degree of the regional poverty level is relatively heavy and the poor quality is relatively light in.1990-2000 years, and the comprehensive environment good and good region is transferred from the heavy poverty coupling to the obvious coupling law on the Ba River along the Ba River. The comprehensive environment difference zone and the degree of poverty are changed from random distribution to the moderate poverty in the north gate and the Red Temple slope, while the north courtyard door to the west to the jujube garden is coupled with the mild poverty in.2000-2012, and the comprehensive environmental good and good streets are reduced and the poverty level is close to the poverty level in Beijiao. The system is transferred from non coupling to mild poverty in the vicinity of the equal driving slope. In the comprehensive environment, the poor region is coupled with the moderate poverty coupling to the mild poverty in Beijiao. The integrated environmental poor street is further extended southward and northward to three north-east south-east banded coupling zones, from south to North to Xiao Zhai street. The coupling belt between the Taoyuan road and the Changan road is slightly poor coupling belt, and the middle poverty coupling belt of the Red Temple slope to the Tai Yi Street.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.27
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