本文選題：生態(tài)旅游 + 生態(tài)旅游者��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)旅游是具有保護(hù)自然環(huán)境和維系旅游地居民生活雙重責(zé)任的旅游活動(dòng)。隨著旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與生態(tài)倫理理念在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛接受,生態(tài)旅游已成為一種替代傳統(tǒng)旅游的新旅游形式。決定這種新旅游形式發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵要素則是生態(tài)旅游者——在生態(tài)旅游區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)任地消費(fèi)生態(tài)旅游產(chǎn)品以及將生態(tài)旅游作為其旅游活動(dòng)主要內(nèi)容的旅游者。而能否成為這種負(fù)責(zé)任的生態(tài)旅游者,在一定程度上取決于旅游者的道德認(rèn)識(shí)狀況。 本研究以江西武功山國家森林公園的生態(tài)旅游者為調(diào)查樣本,運(yùn)用“多維道德量表”(Multidimensional Ethics Scale,簡稱MES)的研究方法,并對(duì)多維道德量表進(jìn)行改良設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)違背生態(tài)旅游倫理規(guī)范的情境,即就地掩埋塑料垃圾(情境一)、破壞景區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的旅游開發(fā)(情境二)、吃珍稀野味(情境三)。選取了正義論、相對(duì)論、功利論和道義論四個(gè)維度作為道德認(rèn)知維度來測(cè)量他們的道德認(rèn)知狀況。 調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),該森林公園的生態(tài)旅游者對(duì)三個(gè)情境中違背生態(tài)倫理的行為的認(rèn)知程度都比較高,其中生態(tài)旅游者對(duì)吃珍稀野味這種不道德行為的認(rèn)知水平最高�？梢�,面對(duì)不同情境,個(gè)體的道德認(rèn)知水平是存在一定差異的,與自身利益有關(guān)的情境中會(huì)表現(xiàn)更為強(qiáng)烈的道德敏感性。而且,生態(tài)旅游者從正義論的維度認(rèn)知不道德行為的水平,要普遍高于從其它維度認(rèn)知不道德行為的水平,其中生態(tài)旅游者從道義論的維度認(rèn)知不道德行為的水平最低。 其次,研究結(jié)果顯示性別因素對(duì)三個(gè)情境中不道德行為的認(rèn)知以及生態(tài)旅游者的道德判斷和行為意圖都有顯著影響,女性生態(tài)旅游者的道德認(rèn)知水平普遍比男性要高,女性生態(tài)旅游者也傾向于比男性表示出更加強(qiáng)烈的道德感。在情境一中,生態(tài)旅游者的年齡、職業(yè)、收入、出游形式等個(gè)體因素在道德認(rèn)知、道德判斷和行為意圖沒有顯著差異,但學(xué)歷、出游次數(shù)、對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)注度等因素對(duì)其有顯著影響；在情境二中,除年齡之外的其它個(gè)體因素對(duì)道德認(rèn)知、道德判斷和行為意圖都存在顯著影響；在情境三中,職業(yè)、學(xué)歷、出游次數(shù)等個(gè)體因素對(duì)道德認(rèn)知、道德判斷和行為意圖都沒有顯著影響,但年齡、收入、出游形式、對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)注度對(duì)其有顯著影響。個(gè)體因素不一樣,不同道德認(rèn)知維度對(duì)道德認(rèn)知水平、道德判斷、行為意圖的影響也是不同的。 最后,研究結(jié)果還表明,生態(tài)旅游者的道德認(rèn)知水平與其道德判斷、行為意圖之間存在顯著的線性關(guān)系,即生態(tài)旅游者的道德認(rèn)知水平越高,表現(xiàn)出的道德感就越強(qiáng),就越傾向于做出合理的道德判斷,實(shí)施更為道德的行為。 因此,實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,一方面要提高生態(tài)旅游從業(yè)者本身的生態(tài)道德認(rèn)知水平,保護(hù)好原生態(tài)的生態(tài)旅游資源和優(yōu)良的生態(tài)環(huán)境,為旅游者營造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境；另一方面則是要積極開展生態(tài)倫理、旅游倫理的宣傳和教育,全面提升生態(tài)旅游者的道德認(rèn)知水平,引導(dǎo)更多開展生態(tài)旅游活動(dòng)的旅游者成為真正符合生態(tài)旅游倫理原則的生態(tài)旅游者。
[Abstract]:The eco - tourism is a kind of tourism activity which has the dual responsibility of protecting the people ' s life in the natural environment and the tourism . As the sustainable development of tourism and the idea of ecological ethics are widely accepted in the world , the ecotourism has become a new form of tourism instead of traditional tourism .

Based on the study of eco - tourism of Wugongshan National Forest Park in Jiangxi Province , the author uses the research method of " Multi - dimensional Moral Scale " ( MES ) , and designs the multi - dimensional moral scale . Three situations are designed which violate the norms of eco - tourism ethics , namely , to bury the plastic waste ( situation one ) , to destroy the tourism development of the ecological environment of the scenic spot ( situation 2 ) , to eat rare wild smell ( situation 3 ) . The four dimensions of justice theory , relativity , utility theory and moral theory are chosen as the moral cognition dimension to measure their moral cognition .

It is found that the eco - tourism of the forest park has a higher level of cognition to the behavior of eco - ethics in the three situations .

Secondly , the results show that the gender factor has significant influence on the cognition of the immoral behavior in the three situations and the moral judgment and the behavior intention of the ecological tourists .
In Scenario 2 , there are significant effects on moral cognition , moral judgment and behavior intention except for age .
There is no significant influence on moral cognition , moral judgment and behavior intention in situation three , occupation , educational background and number of trips , but the influence of age , income and outing form on the ecological environment is significant . The individual factors are different , and the influence of different moral cognition dimensions on moral cognition level , moral judgment and behavior intention is different .

Finally , the research results show that there is a significant linear relationship between the moral cognition level and the moral judgment and the behavior intention of the ecological tourists , that is , the higher the moral cognition level of the ecological tourists , the stronger the moral sense of the ecological tourists , the more inclined they tend to make reasonable moral judgment and carry out more moral behavior .

Therefore , the sustainable development of eco - tourism is realized , on the one hand , it is necessary to improve the ecological moral cognition level of eco - tourism practitioners themselves , protect the eco - tourism resources of the original ecology and the excellent ecological environment , and create a good ecological environment for tourists ;
On the other hand , it is necessary to actively carry out the propaganda and education of ecological ethics and tourism ethics so as to comprehensively improve the moral cognition level of the ecological tourists , and guide more tourists who carry out the ecotourism activities to become the ecological tourists who truly conform to the principles of ecotourism ethics .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F590;F205

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