本文選題：服務貿(mào)易 + 人力資本�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球經(jīng)濟狀況在經(jīng)歷了又一次大的危機之后,開始逐漸復蘇,各國經(jīng)濟情況都有所好轉(zhuǎn),并開始思考新的產(chǎn)業(yè)機構(gòu)、貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)問題,以避免未來類似的經(jīng)濟危機再次出現(xiàn)。我們一直都知道,在世界經(jīng)濟全球化不斷加深的今天,一國的對外貿(mào)易實力是一國在國際經(jīng)濟地位上的重要評判標準,甚至可能會影響到該國在國際社會中的政治話語權(quán)。因此,世界各國都對本國對外貿(mào)易的競爭力加以重點關(guān)注。服務業(yè)的比重在各國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中所起到的作用正逐漸加強,且在某些發(fā)達國家,已經(jīng)超過了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè),成為了對GDP貢獻率最高的產(chǎn)業(yè),那么對加強服務貿(mào)易的需要也成為了一種必然的趨勢。而就服務貿(mào)易本身而言,技術(shù)要素、資本要素所產(chǎn)生的影響,在很大程度上是通過人力要素的作用發(fā)生的,因此,本文將以人力資本為切入點,探討人力資本要素對我國服務貿(mào)易的比較優(yōu)勢具體產(chǎn)生了哪些影響。 本文將首先通過世界服務貿(mào)易發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀以及我國服務貿(mào)易現(xiàn)階段的狀態(tài)來表明：我國近幾年雖然在服務業(yè)、服務貿(mào)易發(fā)展方面取得了較大的突破,一舉成為世界服務貿(mào)易出口總量第四的國家,但服務貿(mào)易本身比較優(yōu)勢不強,尤其是在現(xiàn)代服務貿(mào)易方面,仍與前幾位的發(fā)達國家間存在較大的差距。而后,對服務貿(mào)易、人力資本等概念進行辨析。再通過詳細的闡述比較優(yōu)勢相關(guān)理論,來說明人力資本要素影響我國服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢的具體機制。包括其直接對服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢的影響,以及與技術(shù)要素、其他傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)要素相結(jié)合,共同作用于服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢等。再通過實證研究,將我國服務業(yè)從業(yè)人員受教育水平以及平均工資水平作為媒介,將人力資本要素與我國服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢連結(jié)起來,從實證的角度分析其具體的影響關(guān)系和數(shù)量的大小。實證的結(jié)果也充分證明了理論研究的結(jié)論,即：人力資本要素與我國服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢有著極強的正向關(guān)系,人力資本,尤其是高端入力資本的豐裕程度將很大程度的決定我國在服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢方面的優(yōu)或劣。最后再通過中、美、印三國實際的情況比較,以最現(xiàn)實的案例證明以上的觀點,并以這兩國為借鑒,提出對我國入力資本要素進行改善的政策建議,以提高我國服務貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢的水平。
[Abstract]:After another major crisis, the global economy began to recover gradually, improving economic conditions around the world, and thinking about new industrial institutions, trade structure, to avoid a similar economic crisis in the future. We all know that with the deepening of the world economic globalization, the foreign trade strength of a country is an important criterion of a country's international economic status, and may even affect its political right of speech in the international community. Therefore, countries all over the world focus on the competitiveness of their foreign trade. The proportion of service industry in the economic development of various countries is gradually increasing, and in some developed countries, has surpassed industry and agriculture, has become the highest contribution to GDP industries. So the need for strengthening trade in services has become an inevitable trend. As far as trade in services itself is concerned, the influence of technological factors and capital elements is to a large extent through the role of human factors. Therefore, this paper will take human capital as the starting point. This paper discusses the influence of human capital factors on the comparative advantage of China's service trade. First of all, through the current situation of the development of world service trade and the current situation of our country's service trade, this paper will show that our country has made a great breakthrough in the development of service industry and service trade in recent years. But the comparative advantage of service trade itself is not strong, especially in the field of modern service trade, there is still a big gap between the former developed countries and the former developed countries. Then, the service trade, human capital and other concepts are analyzed. Then, by expounding the relative theory of comparative advantage in detail, the paper explains the specific mechanism that human capital factors influence the comparative advantage of China's service trade. Including its direct impact on the comparative advantage of trade in services, and combined with technical elements, other traditional factors of production, the common role of the comparative advantage of trade in services, and so on. Then through the empirical research, we take the education level and the average wage level of the employees in the service industry as the media, and link the human capital elements with the comparative advantage of our service trade. From the perspective of empirical analysis of its specific impact and the size of the number. The empirical results also fully prove the conclusion of theoretical research, that is, the human capital elements have a strong positive relationship with the comparative advantage of China's service trade, human capital, In particular, the abundance of high-end capital will determine the comparative advantage of China's service trade to a large extent. Finally, by comparing the actual situation of China, the United States and India, and using the most realistic cases to prove the above views, and taking these two countries as reference, we put forward some policy recommendations for improving the factors of China's capital entry. In order to improve our service trade comparative advantage level.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.68;F249.2

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