我國延遲退休的勞動(dòng)力市場效應(yīng)分析
本文選題:人口老齡化 + 延遲退休; 參考:《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:延遲退休得到關(guān)注是基于以下三個(gè)背景,一是人口老齡化,隨著生育率下降和人均壽命延長,無論是個(gè)人還是社會(huì)的養(yǎng)老壓力都在增加,客觀上要求延遲退休。二是長時(shí)期以來勞動(dòng)年齡人口首次出現(xiàn)絕對量的下降,隨著老齡化的深化,這一群體在絕對量和比重上都會(huì)持續(xù)降低,意味著人口紅利將會(huì)逐步消失,延遲退休能夠提高人力資本的使用效率,起到緩沖作用。三是就業(yè)形勢依然嚴(yán)峻,我國作為人口大國,就業(yè)總量壓力會(huì)長期存在,延遲退休會(huì)增加勞動(dòng)力供給,是否會(huì)進(jìn)一步加重就業(yè)壓力需要充分論證。 本文希望驗(yàn)證延遲退休對勞動(dòng)力市場的效應(yīng),研究思路是,首先進(jìn)行理論分析,為延遲退休尋找理論依據(jù);繼而分析人口老齡化及就業(yè)形勢現(xiàn)狀,從客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)分析延遲退休的必要性和影響;然后進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,利用計(jì)量方法分析延遲退休的勞動(dòng)力市場效應(yīng);最后提出延遲退休的政策建議。 遵循這一研究思路,論文通過理論與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法來研究延遲退休對勞動(dòng)力市場的效應(yīng),具體研究內(nèi)容安排如下,第一章主要為文獻(xiàn)綜述,總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外對于延遲退休的不同研究方法及結(jié)論,主要涉及延遲退休與就業(yè)的關(guān)系。第二章為理論分析,基于生命周期假說進(jìn)行人口老齡化背景下退休年齡的理論分析,人均預(yù)期壽命的延長要求提高退休年齡;基于Diamond, Mortensen and Pissarides三人創(chuàng)建的工作搜尋理論(DMP模型)進(jìn)行退休年齡變動(dòng)的失業(yè)均衡分析,認(rèn)為即便老年人早退休,也不能為年輕人提供更多崗位,反而會(huì)因工作機(jī)會(huì)減少降低年輕人的就業(yè)率。第三章為現(xiàn)狀分析,我國的老齡化速度快、程度高,個(gè)體生命周期結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大變化,對延遲退休的要求已經(jīng)非常緊迫;現(xiàn)階段就業(yè)總量壓力不可忽視,但長期來看,人口老齡化會(huì)減少勞動(dòng)力供給,使人口紅利轉(zhuǎn)為人口負(fù)擔(dān),延遲退休能夠推后這一時(shí)間點(diǎn),而且就業(yè)問題主要來自于結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾而非延遲退休增加的勞動(dòng)年齡人口。第四章為實(shí)證分析,基于歷史數(shù)據(jù)采用固定效應(yīng)回歸模型分析得到相關(guān)因素對失業(yè)率的影響參數(shù),通過模擬分析得出延遲退休對總體失業(yè)率的影響,人口發(fā)展的趨勢使得失業(yè)率上升,延遲退休后的失業(yè)率要低于退休年齡不變時(shí)的失業(yè)率,因?qū)ζ椒(wěn)性和運(yùn)行水平影響不同,延遲的時(shí)機(jī)選擇也比較重要。第五章為政策建議,提出了延遲退休的基本原則,并設(shè)計(jì)了延遲退休的操作路徑,提出了相關(guān)改革措施,最后對本文整體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處有兩點(diǎn),第一,研究方法的創(chuàng)新,不局限于前人的描述性分析,借鑒國外理論模型采用公式推導(dǎo)方式分析了人口老齡化下退休年齡的走向以及延遲退休對勞動(dòng)力市場的影響,同時(shí)也使用模擬分析的方法預(yù)測延遲退休以后就業(yè)的變化。第二,研究數(shù)據(jù)的創(chuàng)新,利用城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率推算實(shí)際失業(yè)率,使用長期的歷年數(shù)據(jù)估算模型參數(shù),用人口預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)模擬未來較長時(shí)期內(nèi)就業(yè)的變化。論文的不足之處在于,因?yàn)槲覈形凑焦汲擎?zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率,因此本文只能根據(jù)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率推斷實(shí)際失業(yè)率,可能造成數(shù)據(jù)的偏差。
[Abstract]:It is based on the following three background , one is the aging of the population , with the decline of the fertility rate and the increase of the per capita life expectancy , whether the individual or the social pension pressure increases , objectively demands the late retirement . The second is the decline of the absolute quantity of the population for the first time since the long period .
In this paper , we hope to verify the effect of late retirement on the labor market .
Then analyze the situation of population aging and employment situation , analyze the necessity and influence of late retirement from objective reality analysis ;
Then the empirical research is carried out to analyze the labor market effect of late retirement by means of measurement method .
Finally , the policy suggestion of late retirement is put forward .
This paper studies the effect of late retirement on the labor market by combining theory with empirical analysis . The first chapter mainly focuses on the literature review , summarizes the different research methods and conclusions about late retirement at home and abroad , and mainly deals with the relationship between late retirement and employment .
According to the job search theory ( DMP model ) created by Diamond , Mortensen and Pissarides , the unemployment equilibrium analysis of retirement age change is carried out . It is believed that , even if the old people retire early , the employment rate of young people cannot be reduced because of the job opportunities .
Chapter IV is an empirical analysis . Based on the historical data , the effect of delay retirement on the overall unemployment rate is obtained . The trend of population development is that the unemployment rate is lower than the unemployment rate when the retirement age is unchanged . In chapter 5 , the basic principle of late retirement is proposed .
The innovation of this paper has two points , the first , the research method innovation , is not limited to the former person ' s descriptive analysis , using the foreign theoretical model to analyze the trend of the retirement age under the aging of the population and the influence of late retirement on the labor market . At the same time , the author uses the method of simulation analysis to predict the change of employment after the late retirement .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:F249.21
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