本文選題：推遲退休　切入點：城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險　出處：《河南大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國自改革開放以來，社會經(jīng)濟和人口結構狀況都發(fā)生了巨大的變化，老年人口增長速度日益加快。為了緩解政府養(yǎng)老壓力，國際上許多國家制定了退休年齡的調整方案，并已取得了一定的成效。是否借鑒發(fā)達國家的經(jīng)驗，適時推遲我國的法定退休年齡，，引起了社會各界的討論和政府的高度關注。本文結合社會輿論熱點和我國實際情況，全面分析了現(xiàn)行退休年齡制度與我國當前社會現(xiàn)狀存在的種種矛盾，同時借鑒國外調整退休年齡的成功經(jīng)驗，從多個角度論證了我國推遲退休的迫切性與可行性。我國養(yǎng)老保險體制起步晚、發(fā)展慢，至今仍存在較多不完善的地方。譬如，我國目前運行的退休年齡規(guī)定產生于上世紀計劃經(jīng)濟時期，在當時的較低的生產力水平和年輕化的人口結構下，符合社會發(fā)展的需要；然而這個退休年齡的政策已經(jīng)運行了60多年，我國現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展水平、社會進步的速度、科技和醫(yī)學的研究都有了很大的進步，也促使了我國退休政策要結合現(xiàn)實情況進行科學合理的改革。另一方面，由于我國老年人口將陡然上漲和職工退休人數(shù)的不斷增加，特別是人均預期壽命的延長引起了職工退休后生活時間的延長。這一變化直接導致養(yǎng)老保險基金支出逐年遞增，甚至部分地區(qū)的基本養(yǎng)老保險基金開始出現(xiàn)赤字，對養(yǎng)老保險體系的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和社會的穩(wěn)定造成了很大的威脅。 本文通過以生命周期理論為視角，以提高養(yǎng)老保險基金支付能力為主線，在文章前三章深入分析我國城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險存在的各種矛盾：人均受教育時間的延長和人均預期壽命的提高導致工作個人生命周期內工作時間的縮短；同時人口預期壽命的提高和退休生涯的延長使得養(yǎng)老保險基金需求飛速膨脹；而工作生命周期比下降和社會總體勞動力的減少，降低了養(yǎng)老保險基金支付能力；這些都會導致基金支付壓力加大、負擔加重，使得個人生命周期的變化和養(yǎng)老保險基金收支的失衡,能為推遲城鎮(zhèn)職工退休提供了一個新的決策思路和合理性解釋。同時，本文第三章重點分析生命周期、養(yǎng)老金收支與退休年齡的邏輯關聯(lián)，得出職工生命周期的變化是我國養(yǎng)老金收支失衡的內在原因，有效運用推遲退休這一政策手段才能調和生命周期中工作年限和退休生涯不相適應這一矛盾，從而達到平衡我國養(yǎng)老金收支這一目標的結論。本文第四章通過借鑒發(fā)達國家推遲退休年齡的成功經(jīng)驗和結合我國現(xiàn)實社會情況設計出了調整我國城鎮(zhèn)職工退休年齡的思路、原則，同時根據(jù)未來我國人口年齡結構變動情況和社會就業(yè)形勢尋找出推遲我國退休年齡的時機、具體方案和推遲退休年齡的目標。這些政策建議具有科學性和可操作性，有利于緩解養(yǎng)老保險基金收支失衡，滿足社會日益增長的養(yǎng)老基金需求，從而促進社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in the social economy and population structure, and the growth rate of the elderly population is accelerating day by day. In order to alleviate the pressure on the government to provide for the aged, many countries in the world have formulated adjustment plans for the retirement age. Whether to draw lessons from the experience of developed countries and to delay the legal retirement age in China at the right time has aroused the discussion from all walks of life and the high attention of the government. This paper combines the hot spots of public opinion and the actual situation of our country. This paper comprehensively analyzes the contradictions between the current retirement age system and the current social situation of our country, and draws lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries in adjusting the retirement age. This paper demonstrates the urgency and feasibility of postponing retirement in China from many angles. The pension insurance system of our country starts late, develops slowly, and still has many imperfections. For example, At present, the retirement age regulation of our country came into being in the planned economy period in 0th century. Under the low productivity level and the younger population structure at that time, it meets the needs of social development. However, the retirement age policy has been in operation for more than 60 years. At the present stage, the level of economic development, the speed of social progress, and the research of science and technology and medicine in China have made great progress. It also urges China's retirement policy to carry out scientific and reasonable reforms in light of the actual situation. On the other hand, because the elderly population in our country will rise sharply and the number of retired workers will continue to increase, In particular, the increase in life expectancy per capita has led to the extension of workers' living time after retirement. This change has directly led to an increase in the expenditure of pension funds year by year, and even a deficit in basic pension funds in some regions. It poses a great threat to the sustainable development of endowment insurance system and social stability. From the perspective of life cycle theory, this paper focuses on improving the ability of pension fund to pay. In the first three chapters of the article, the author deeply analyzes the contradictions existing in the old-age insurance of urban workers in China: the prolongation of per capita education time and the increase of life expectancy lead to the shortening of working hours in the working personal life cycle; At the same time, the increase of population life expectancy and the prolongation of retirement life make the demand of pension insurance fund expand rapidly, while the ratio of work life cycle and the decrease of social labor force decrease, which reduces the ability of pension fund to pay. All of these will increase the pressure and burden of fund payment, make the change of personal life cycle and the imbalance of income and expenditure of pension fund, and can provide a new thinking and reasonable explanation for delaying the retirement of urban workers. At the same time, The third chapter focuses on the analysis of life cycle, the logical relationship between pension income and expenditure and retirement age, and concludes that the change of worker's life cycle is the internal cause of the imbalance of pension income and expenditure in China. The effective use of the policy instrument of postponing retirement can reconcile this contradiction between the number of years of service and the incompatibility of retirement in the life cycle, In order to achieve the goal of balancing the income and expenditure of China's pension, this article, in Chapter 4th, designs the idea of adjusting the retirement age of urban workers in China by drawing lessons from the successful experience of the developed countries in delaying the retirement age and combining with the actual social conditions in our country. At the same time, according to the changing situation of the population age structure and the social employment situation in the future, we will find out the opportunity, concrete plan and the goal of postponing the retirement age in our country. These policy recommendations are scientific and feasible. It is helpful to alleviate the imbalance of income and expenditure of pension insurance fund, to meet the increasing demand of pension fund, and to promote social harmony and stability.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.67;F249.2

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