本文關(guān)鍵詞： 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā) 貸款 商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：房地產(chǎn)作為資金密集型行業(yè),是我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支撐類產(chǎn)業(yè),但因?yàn)橹袊康禺a(chǎn)企業(yè)獲得資金的渠道受到一定的限制,使得商業(yè)銀行成為其運(yùn)作資金的主要來源,房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款在全部金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款余額中的比重越來越大,并呈不斷上升趨勢(shì)；而且,房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)自身便是一個(gè)高投入、高利潤的產(chǎn)業(yè),房地產(chǎn)成為產(chǎn)業(yè)之初就具有了高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特性,所以房地產(chǎn)業(yè)所匯集的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高度集中于商業(yè)銀行,不容忽視�；诖�,本文歸納了房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款特征和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的類別,綜合分析了我國商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成因的內(nèi)與外、宏觀與微觀等方面因素,利用層次分析法對(duì)房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款中隱含的各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià),從而從商業(yè)銀行的角度提出了防范房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貨款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)措施。 受到房地產(chǎn)刺激的貸款行為和貸款資金不斷增加,而多種因素的不穩(wěn)定性導(dǎo)致了信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括政府的宏觀調(diào)控、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的固有規(guī)律以及房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和銀行間信息的不均衡等。只有采取及時(shí)有效的防范措施才能避免房地產(chǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及金融危機(jī)的出現(xiàn)。這決定了研究房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的形勢(shì),以提供相關(guān)的理論依據(jù)意義重大。 一方面,本文在工程理論及商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款所面臨的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí),說明了由于各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控政策和各項(xiàng)法律法規(guī)的改變之間協(xié)調(diào)不利造成了宏觀層面風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)生,致使房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)威脅到房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)貸款安全回收的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；接著又說明了由價(jià)格的不合理性及房地產(chǎn)的地理特性導(dǎo)致的房地產(chǎn)泡沫的產(chǎn)生,從而造成對(duì)信貸安全的威脅,產(chǎn)生了房地產(chǎn)的區(qū)域市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：另有,文章又說明了由于房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和銀行間的掌握信息的不均衡性使得產(chǎn)生了各種威脅開發(fā)商貸款安全的行為如逃避貸款,虛假獲得貸款,改變貸款的用途等。 另一方面,基于對(duì)房地產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)分析,本文進(jìn)一步提出了合理的控制和解決方法。首先要保證各種調(diào)控政策的協(xié)調(diào)以及加大不良貸款的監(jiān)督力度,然后要完善企業(yè)和個(gè)人的征信系統(tǒng),加強(qiáng)商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)的完善以及房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警機(jī)制的運(yùn)用。與此同時(shí),加速健全相應(yīng)的法律法規(guī)體系并建立成熟的房地產(chǎn)金融體系,并加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法力度等。
[Abstract]:As a capital-intensive industry, real estate is the supporting industry of our national economy. However, due to the limited access to funds for Chinese real estate enterprises, commercial banks have become the main source of funds for their operations. Real estate development loans account for an increasing proportion of the total loan balance of financial institutions, and show a rising trend. Moreover, the real estate industry itself is an industry with high investment and high profits. Real estate has the characteristics of high risk at the beginning of the industry. Therefore, the risks collected by the real estate industry are highly concentrated in commercial banks, which can not be ignored. Based on this, this paper summarizes the characteristics and risk categories of real estate development loans. This paper comprehensively analyzes the internal and external, macro and micro factors of the risk of real estate development loan in commercial banks of our country, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of all kinds of risks implied in the real estate development loan by the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). From the point of view of commercial banks, this paper puts forward some measures to prevent the risk of real estate development loan. Loan behavior and loan funds stimulated by real estate are on the rise, and the instability of many factors leads to an increase in credit risk. The risks include the government's macroeconomic regulation and control. The inherent laws of economic development and the imbalance of information between real estate developers and banks. Only by taking timely and effective preventive measures can the risks of the real estate industry and the emergence of financial crisis be avoided. The situation of real estate development, It is of great significance to provide relevant theoretical basis. On the one hand, on the basis of engineering theory and commercial bank risk management theory, this paper analyzes the main risks faced by real estate development loans. It explains that because of the unfavorable coordination between various economic control policies and the change of laws and regulations, the risk of macro-level risk arises and the real estate market threatens the safe recovery of real estate development loans. Then it explains the emergence of the real estate bubble caused by the irrationality of the price and the geographical characteristics of the real estate, which results in the threat to the credit security and the regional market risk of the real estate. The paper also explains that the imbalance of information between real estate developers and banks leads to various behaviors that threaten the loan safety of developers, such as evading loans, obtaining false loans, changing the use of loans, and so on. On the other hand, based on the basic analysis of real estate risk, this paper further puts forward reasonable control and solutions. First of all, we should ensure the coordination of various regulatory policies and strengthen the supervision of non-performing loans. Then we should perfect the credit information system for enterprises and individuals, strengthen the perfection of the internal system of commercial banks and the use of the real estate market risk warning mechanism. At the same time, Accelerate the improvement of the relevant laws and regulations system and establish a mature real estate financial system, and strengthen law enforcement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.45;F299.23

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