本文關(guān)鍵詞： 貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu) 就業(yè)效應(yīng) 投入產(chǎn)出法　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的重要問(wèn)題�！笆舜蟆泵鞔_提出要“實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和更加積極的就業(yè)政策”，表明了黨和政府對(duì)就業(yè)問(wèn)題的高度重視。宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)認(rèn)為，非充分就業(yè)條件下，總需求增加產(chǎn)出增加，就業(yè)增加。在封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)中，總需求主要依靠國(guó)內(nèi)需求；而在開(kāi)放經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)中，國(guó)外需求增加，總需求也增加。自2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織，我國(guó)貿(mào)易總額持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)外貿(mào)易依存度逐步提高，對(duì)GDP增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率也持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。在此背景下研究貿(mào)易對(duì)就業(yè)的作用既緊跟社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，又具有重要的理論、實(shí)踐意義。 借鑒投資乘數(shù)理論，本文認(rèn)為一國(guó)貿(mào)易不僅通過(guò)增加需求直接帶動(dòng)該行業(yè)就業(yè)，還通過(guò)貿(mào)易行業(yè)與其他行業(yè)的投入產(chǎn)出關(guān)系間接帶動(dòng)相關(guān)行業(yè)就業(yè)。但以往研究大多忽略了這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。為彌補(bǔ)以往研究不足，本文在分析我國(guó)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，采用1995-2011年貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)出、就業(yè)等數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用投入產(chǎn)出分析方法，測(cè)算出我國(guó)2002-2011年各產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)、1995-2011年工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了貿(mào)易總額就業(yè)效應(yīng)、四大產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)、工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，本文的研究分為七章，第一章緒論，第二章相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述及評(píng)析，第三、四章研究我國(guó)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀，第五章研究我國(guó)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)，第六章繼續(xù)探討工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)，第七章總結(jié)本文主要結(jié)論，并提出針對(duì)性的對(duì)策建議。 本文得出以下主要結(jié)論：第一，，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我國(guó)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)為正。2002-2011年累計(jì)凈就業(yè)效應(yīng)20.67億人。第二，按四大產(chǎn)業(yè)分貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)時(shí)，工業(yè)是我國(guó)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)主導(dǎo)，屬于較高直接就業(yè)效應(yīng)—高貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。服務(wù)業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)僅次于工業(yè)，屬于較高直接就業(yè)效應(yīng)—較高貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)為第三大貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，屬于高直接就業(yè)效應(yīng)—較高貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。建筑業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)最弱，屬于低直接就業(yè)效應(yīng)—低貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。第三，按要素密集度細(xì)分工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)時(shí)，勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)是工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)的主導(dǎo)，屬于較高直接就業(yè)效應(yīng)—高貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)行業(yè)。資本（技術(shù)）密集型行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)效應(yīng)向正效應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)變，正效應(yīng)呈逐漸增強(qiáng)。但兩者貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)的調(diào)整呈現(xiàn)不同規(guī)律。前者波動(dòng)較小，調(diào)整快，扮演著工業(yè)貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)穩(wěn)定器的作用。后者受生產(chǎn)規(guī)模影響，貿(mào)易就業(yè)效應(yīng)調(diào)整滯后。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important issue related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. The "18 National Congress" clearly proposed to "implement the employment priority strategy and more active employment policy", which indicates that the Party and the government attach great importance to the employment problem. Under underemployed conditions, total demand increases, output increases, employment increases. In closed economic systems, aggregate demand depends mainly on domestic demand; in open economic systems, foreign demand increases. Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's total trade volume has continued to grow, and its dependence on foreign trade has gradually increased. Under this background, the research on the effect of trade on employment is not only closely followed by social hot spots, but also has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the theory of investment multiplier, this paper holds that a country's trade not only directly promotes the employment of this industry by increasing demand, It also indirectly promotes the employment of related industries through the input-output relationship between trade industry and other industries. However, most previous studies have ignored this reality. In order to make up for the lack of previous research, this paper analyzes the trade structure of our country. On the basis of the present situation of employment structure, using the data of trade, output and employment from 1995 to 2011, and using the method of input-output analysis, the employment effect of industrial trade in China from 2002 to 2011 is calculated, and the employment effect of industrial trade from 1995 to 2011 is calculated. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the employment effect of total trade, the employment effect of four industries, and the employment effect of industrial trade. Specifically, the research of this paper is divided into seven chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, the second chapter is related literature review and analysis. Chapter four studies the current situation of China's trade structure and employment structure, chapter 5th studies the effect of China's trade employment, chapter 6th continues to explore the effect of industrial trade employment, chapter 7th summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, and puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the total effect of trade employment in China is positive. 2002-2011, the cumulative net employment effect is two billion sixty-seven million. Second, when the four major industries divide the effects of trade employment, industry is the dominant effect of China's trade employment. The employment effect of service trade is second only to that of industry. Agricultural trade employment effect is the third largest trade employment effect industry, which belongs to the high direct employment effect industry, the construction trade employment effect industry is the weakest, the agricultural trade employment effect industry is the third largest trade employment effect industry, belongs to the high direct employment effect industry, the construction trade employment effect industry is the weakest. It belongs to low direct employment effect-low trade employment effect industry. Thirdly, when the employment effect of industrial trade is broken down by factor intensity, the labor-intensive industry is the dominant factor in the industrial trade employment effect. Belongs to the higher direct employment effect-high trade employment effect industries. Capital (technology)-intensive industries achieve negative effects to positive effects, The positive effect is increasing gradually, but the adjustment of the trade employment effect between the two shows different laws. The former fluctuates less, adjusts quickly and acts as the stabilizer of the industrial trade employment effect. The latter is affected by the scale of production. The adjustment of trade employment effect lags behind.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752;F249.2

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