本文關(guān)鍵詞： 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 就業(yè)政策　出處：《聊城大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌時(shí)期，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)也正在進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整。資本密集型、技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)比重逐漸上升，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，新興行業(yè)不斷涌現(xiàn)。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整與升級(jí)必然會(huì)影響到勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，而就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理、勞動(dòng)力資源是否有效配置，也都會(huì)影響到產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)，二者有著緊密的聯(lián)系。 但是，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展還很不協(xié)調(diào)，就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整滯后于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，以致產(chǎn)生了結(jié)構(gòu)偏差。這不僅抑制了就業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)，還影響了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)，不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。 中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)存在偏差的主要原因有：一是政府政策過多傾向產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，缺乏對(duì)就業(yè)的考慮；二是戶籍制度導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力分割，阻礙勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)；三是城市化進(jìn)程滯后導(dǎo)致第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不足，造成大量農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力滯留在第一產(chǎn)業(yè)而無法轉(zhuǎn)移；四是產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來了技術(shù)進(jìn)步，而技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)就業(yè)產(chǎn)生了擠出效應(yīng)。 要想促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，，達(dá)到就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的目標(biāo)，政府應(yīng)從以下五個(gè)方面入手：第一，要正確處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系，實(shí)施有利于就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，始終堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)良性互動(dòng)；第二，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)，建立一個(gè)統(tǒng)一、開放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、有序的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，改革戶籍制度，促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力合理有序轉(zhuǎn)移；第三，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，通過加快第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展來促進(jìn)就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)；第四，正確處理好勞動(dòng)密集型與資本密集型、技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，發(fā)展具有中國(guó)特色的混合經(jīng)濟(jì)；第五，加大人力資本投資，通過強(qiáng)化職業(yè)培訓(xùn)來提高勞動(dòng)者的自身素質(zhì)，以滿足的就業(yè)需求。
[Abstract]:China is in a period of economic transition, and its industrial structure is also undergoing strategic readjustment. The proportion of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries is gradually rising, and the tertiary industry is developing rapidly. The adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure will inevitably affect the employment structure of the labor force, and whether the employment structure is reasonable or not, whether the labor resources are effectively allocated, will also affect the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. The two are closely related. However, in the process of economic development, China's industrial structure and employment structure development are still very inconsistent, the adjustment of employment structure lags behind industrial structure adjustment, resulting in structural deviation, which not only inhibits the growth of employment, Also affected the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, not conducive to economic and social development. The main reasons for the deviation between the industrial structure and the employment structure in China are as follows: first, the excessive tendency of government policies towards industrial development, lack of consideration for employment, second, the household registration system leads to the division of urban and rural labor force, hindering the labor force flow; Third, the lag of urbanization leads to the insufficient development of the tertiary industry, resulting in a large number of rural surplus labor stranded in the primary industry and can not be transferred; fourth, the development of industry has brought about technological progress, and technological progress has an crowding out effect on employment. In order to promote the coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure and achieve the goal of employment growth, the government should proceed from the following five aspects: first, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between economic development and employment growth. To implement the economic development strategy that is conducive to employment growth and always adhere to the positive interaction between economic development and employment growth; second, to coordinate urban and rural employment, to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly labor market, and to reform the household registration system. To promote the rational and orderly transfer of labor force; third, to optimize the industrial structure and promote employment growth by speeding up the development of the tertiary industry; and (4th) to correctly handle the relationship between labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, To develop the mixed economy with Chinese characteristics, in 5th, to increase the investment of human capital, to enhance the quality of the laborer by strengthening the vocational training, and to meet the employment demand.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F121.3;F249.2

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