本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng) 戶籍歧視 住房?jī)r(jià)格　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)的城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進(jìn)一步被拉大,越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)到城市中尋求工作。但是,2004年勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)“民工荒”現(xiàn)象在中國(guó)東部城市逐漸顯現(xiàn),并呈愈演愈烈的趨勢(shì)。這種城鄉(xiāng)收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大而城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模在有些城市不增反減的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況與Harris-Todaro模型的理論分析相悖。本文在Harris-Todaro模型的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)引入效用函數(shù)構(gòu)建一個(gè)新的城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)均衡模型,將戶籍制度和住房?jī)r(jià)格因素納入到模型分析中,得出城鄉(xiāng)收入差距與勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模正相關(guān),而失業(yè)率、戶籍歧視和城市住房?jī)r(jià)格與勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模負(fù)相關(guān)的命題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用1998～2012年中國(guó)30個(gè)大中城市的面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距作為影響農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的主要“拉力”,其不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)會(huì)吸引大量農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城務(wù)工。失業(yè)率反映農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城尋找工作的難易程度,與勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。戶籍歧視減弱促使農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力大量轉(zhuǎn)移,為城市提供源源不斷的勞動(dòng)力。城市房?jī)r(jià)上漲對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流入城市產(chǎn)生阻礙,抑制了勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大。東中西部不同區(qū)域城市的勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)規(guī)模影響因素存在顯著差異。因此,必須統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,維持勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定,加快戶籍制度改革,抑制城市房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快上漲,合理規(guī)劃區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,重視和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)民工的住房保障、子女入學(xué)、醫(yī)療保障等公共產(chǎn)品供給,促使農(nóng)民工市民化。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerating, the urban-rural income gap has been further widened, more and more rural labor flow to the city to seek work. In 2004, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security found that the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" gradually appeared in the eastern cities of China. The income gap between urban and rural areas is widening and the scale of urban and rural labor mobility in some cities is decreasing instead of increasing, which is contrary to the theoretical analysis of Harris-Todaro model. This paper is based on the Harris-Todaro model. Through the introduction of utility function to construct a new equilibrium model of urban and rural labor mobility, the household registration system and housing price factors into the model analysis, it is concluded that the urban-rural income gap and the scale of labor mobility is positively related. The unemployment rate, household registration discrimination and urban housing prices are negatively related to the scale of labor mobility. On this basis. Using panel data of 30 large and medium-sized cities in China from 1998 to 2012, the empirical results show that the urban-rural income gap is the main "pull force" that affects the flow of rural surplus labor. Its expanding trend will attract a large number of migrant workers to work in the city. The unemployment rate reflects the difficulty of migrant workers entering the city to find work. There is a negative correlation with the scale of labor flow. The weakening of household registration discrimination impels a large number of rural labor force to transfer and provides a continuous stream of labor force for the city. The rise of urban house prices hinders the inflow of rural labor into the city. Restrain the expansion of the scale of labor mobility. There are significant differences in the factors affecting the scale of labor mobility in different cities in the east, west and west regions. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate urban and rural economic development and maintain the stability of the labor market. Accelerate the reform of the household registration system, curb the rapid rise of urban housing prices, reasonable planning of regional economic development strategy, attach importance to and strengthen the housing security of migrant workers, children enrolled in school, medical security and other public goods supply. To promote the urbanization of migrant workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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