本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城鎮(zhèn)化 失地農(nóng)民 利益保護　出處：《山西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化是人口與資本聚集的過程，亦是億萬農(nóng)民融入市場化，從農(nóng)民變成市民的歷史進程。故在城鎮(zhèn)化進程中，失地農(nóng)民的出現(xiàn)是必然結(jié)果。由于城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展，大批農(nóng)民的田地被征用變成了失地農(nóng)民，他們的持續(xù)性生計由于各方面的原因已經(jīng)受到了很大的影響，同時也引發(fā)了政府與農(nóng)民之間的矛盾，甚至導(dǎo)致一些群體性惡性事件的發(fā)生。因此，我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中失地農(nóng)民利益保護就成為備受關(guān)注的社會熱點問題之一。 本文采用調(diào)查問卷與訪談的方式，從征地補償情況、失地后的就業(yè)情況、收入及生活狀況、住房、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老、子女教育等方面，對山西省呂梁嵐縣部分失地農(nóng)民進行了深入調(diào)查，歸納總結(jié)出失地農(nóng)民利益保護方面存在的征地補償數(shù)額偏低、征地補償方式單一、再就業(yè)困難以及社會保障不到位等問題；然后，運用利益相關(guān)者理論對征地過程中各種利益相關(guān)者之間的利益博弈過程進行了分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出導(dǎo)致我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中失地農(nóng)民利益受損的主要原因包括征地補償過程中的權(quán)力濫用、征地程序設(shè)計不合理、失地農(nóng)民自身素質(zhì)偏低，，地方政府對失地農(nóng)民就業(yè)服務(wù)不到位以及農(nóng)村社會保障制度存在缺陷等；最后，運用利益相關(guān)者理論和公民社會理論對解決城鎮(zhèn)化進程中失地農(nóng)民利益保護問題提出了相應(yīng)的對策和建議：第一，在進一步完善土地征收制度方面，建議完善土地征收補償標(biāo)準、制定具體合理的土地征收程序、明確土地征收法律責(zé)任、借鑒發(fā)達國家土地補償方面的有益經(jīng)驗。第二，在有效解決失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)方面，建議加強失地農(nóng)民職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)、提供失地農(nóng)民創(chuàng)業(yè)扶助貸款。第三，在完善失地農(nóng)民社會保障體系方面，建議加快農(nóng)村保障與城鎮(zhèn)保障體系的銜接，放寬失地農(nóng)民申請保障性住房、公租房和廉租房政策，加大養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)等保險的覆蓋力度，推進農(nóng)村社會保障與戶籍制度的脫鉤，保障失地農(nóng)民可持續(xù)性生計。第四，在提高失地農(nóng)民自治組織化程度方面，建議成立失地農(nóng)民代表協(xié)會、暢通和拓寬失地農(nóng)民利益表達渠道。本文創(chuàng)新之處是提出了放寬失地農(nóng)民申請保障性住房、公租房和廉租房政策，推進農(nóng)村社會保障與戶籍制度的脫鉤等合理化建議，但由于研究資料及本人能力有限，有些建議仍有可商榷之處。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the process of population and capital accumulation, and it is also the historical process of hundreds of millions of farmers to integrate into the market, from farmer to citizen. Therefore, in the process of urbanization. Because of the rapid development of urbanization, a large number of farmers' fields have been requisitioned to become landless farmers, and their sustainable livelihood has been greatly affected by various reasons. At the same time, it also caused the contradiction between the government and farmers, and even led to the occurrence of some group malignant incidents. In the process of urbanization in China, the protection of the interests of landless farmers has become one of the hot social issues. This paper uses questionnaires and interviews, from land acquisition compensation, employment after land loss, income and living conditions, housing, medical care, old-age, child education and so on. This paper makes a thorough investigation on some land-lost farmers in Lv Liang County of Shanxi Province, and concludes that the amount of compensation for land requisition is low and the compensation method of land expropriation is single in the aspect of the protection of the interests of land-lost farmers. Difficulties in re-employment and lack of social security; Then, using stakeholder theory to analyze the process of interest game between various stakeholders in the process of land expropriation. And on this basis summed up the main reasons leading to the loss of land farmers' interests in the process of urbanization in our country, including the abuse of power in the process of land requisition compensation, the unreasonable design of land requisition procedures, and the low quality of land-lost farmers themselves. The local government does not provide the employment service to the landless farmers and the rural social security system has defects. Finally, the use of stakeholder theory and civil society theory to solve the problem of land-lost farmers in the process of urbanization to protect the interests of the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: first, in the further improvement of land expropriation system. It is suggested to improve the standard of compensation for land expropriation, formulate specific and reasonable procedures of land expropriation, clarify the legal liability of land expropriation, and draw lessons from the beneficial experience of land compensation in developed countries. Second. In the effective solution to re-employment of land-lost farmers, it is suggested to strengthen the vocational skills training of land-lost farmers, to provide land-lost farmers with entrepreneurial support loans. Third, to improve the land-lost farmers' social security system. It is suggested to speed up the connection between rural security and urban security system, to relax the application of land-lost farmers for affordable housing, public rental housing and low-rent housing policies, increase the coverage of old-age insurance, unemployment and other insurance. To promote the decoupling of rural social security from the household registration system, to ensure the sustainable livelihood of landless farmers. 4th. In order to improve the degree of self-organization of land-lost farmers, it is suggested to set up a representative association of land-lost farmers. The innovation of this paper is to relax the policy of land loss farmers applying for affordable housing, public rental housing and low-rent housing. To promote the decoupling of rural social security from the household registration system and other rationalization proposals, but due to the limited research materials and my own ability, some suggestions are still open to question.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.2;F323.89

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