本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)石油行業(yè)高收入形成的機(jī)理分析及政府調(diào)節(jié)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：現(xiàn)階段,適時(shí)縮小國(guó)民間的收入差距是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中的一個(gè)重要改革點(diǎn),目前,社會(huì)收入差距依然較大,擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)較為明顯,其中,行業(yè)間收入差距作為導(dǎo)致社會(huì)收入差距拉大的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié),尤為重要。人們普遍認(rèn)為,適當(dāng)?shù)氖杖氩罹嗄軌蚱鸬竭M(jìn)步作用,促進(jìn)行業(yè)間要素的合理流動(dòng)和轉(zhuǎn)化,提高勞動(dòng)者的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率。然而,不合理的收入差距會(huì)抑制勞動(dòng)者的生產(chǎn)積極性,阻礙生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,甚至引起社會(huì)的動(dòng)蕩。關(guān)于合理與不合理的劃分,關(guān)鍵在于公平。一是員工的投入與報(bào)酬公平,二是行業(yè)的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)公平。目前,我國(guó)行業(yè)間平均收入差距已達(dá)到3倍以上,某些行業(yè)尤其是壟斷行業(yè)的收入水平更高。一方面,壟斷行業(yè)的高收入可能會(huì)降低競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,使得低收入行業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益更加低迷,不利于行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展；另一方面,壟斷行業(yè)憑借壟斷地位獲得超額壟斷利潤(rùn),瓜分了本應(yīng)屬于全民所享的剩余價(jià)值,阻礙了生產(chǎn)要素的合理流動(dòng),甚至增加社會(huì)的不安定因素。因此,縮小收入差距,把收入差距控制在合理的范圍之內(nèi),是保證社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于石油行業(yè)來說,在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的初期,由于技術(shù)以及管理體制的落后,行業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭并不看好,大企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率低下,小企業(yè)紛紛倒閉或者合并,因此,為了整頓低迷的經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng),國(guó)家采取扶持政策,對(duì)行業(yè)給予行政權(quán)利來扶持其發(fā)展,通過國(guó)家行政力量以及資金技術(shù)的支持,石油行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效益日益改善,進(jìn)而也形成了現(xiàn)在所謂的行政壟斷行業(yè)。然而,隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步發(fā)展,行業(yè)內(nèi)其他企業(yè)的資金技術(shù)以及管理水平已經(jīng)能夠滿足當(dāng)前對(duì)于生產(chǎn)力水平的要求,但卻被壟斷行業(yè)的壟斷地位擋于大門之外,因此,放松規(guī)制,引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,有利于整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)效率的提高。除了壟斷因素,人力資本、行業(yè)特征等也對(duì)行業(yè)間收入差距有著不同程度的影響,因此,本文基于石油行業(yè),對(duì)行業(yè)高收入的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析及預(yù)測(cè),對(duì)導(dǎo)致石油行業(yè)高收入的原因進(jìn)行分解,最后根據(jù)相應(yīng)因素的影響程度給予相應(yīng)的政策建議。 本文首先采用絕對(duì)指標(biāo),對(duì)石油行業(yè)的收入水平現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了整體的分析,通過數(shù)據(jù)整理可以得出,隨著年份的增加,石油行業(yè)的平均收入水平呈逐步增加態(tài)勢(shì),進(jìn)一步,本文采用博克斯-詹金斯模型,對(duì)石油業(yè)的高收入問題進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè),結(jié)果表明,若保持當(dāng)前政策以及經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,石油行業(yè)的平均收入仍會(huì)逐步增大。因此,對(duì)癥下藥,探究造成石油行業(yè)高收入的主要原因,成為迫切需求。其次,本文根據(jù)學(xué)者的研究以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),將導(dǎo)致石油行業(yè)高收入的主要原因歸結(jié)為壟斷、人力資本、行業(yè)特征及所有者壟斷四大類因素。本文選取石油行業(yè)與紡織業(yè)的公司年鑒作為數(shù)據(jù)來源,按照上述理論分析整理六種主要的解釋變量,采用中位數(shù)回歸的方法,通過費(fèi)景漢-拉尼斯分解模型以及虛擬變量模型兩種計(jì)量方法,最終得出較為一致的結(jié)論：在影響行業(yè)間收入差距的因素中,壟斷因素是造成行業(yè)間收入差距的主要因素,行業(yè)特征和人力資本因素其次,而個(gè)人特征不是導(dǎo)致行業(yè)間收入差距的主要原因。最后,根據(jù)實(shí)證以及理論總結(jié)的主要原因,本文基于石油行業(yè)給與相應(yīng)的政策建議。首先,要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,放松規(guī)制并引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,轉(zhuǎn)變行業(yè)的行政壟斷地位；其次,要規(guī)范政府管理,建立合理的收入分配政策,完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)；最后,要完善市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制,建立良好的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),促進(jìn)資源的合理流動(dòng),提高勞動(dòng)力的綜合素質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:At this stage, timely narrowing the income gap between people is an important reform, in the process of economic development at present, social income gap is still large, expand the trend is more obvious, among them, the income gap between the industry as a result of social income gap based links, is particularly important. It is generally believed that the proper income gap can play a progressive role, promote the rational flow and transformation between the industry factors, improve the work efficiency of workers. However, the unreasonable income gap will inhibit the manufacturing enthusiasm of laborer, hinder the development of productive forces, and even lead to social unrest. On the division of reasonable and unreasonable, the key lies in the fair. One is investment and their pay is fair, two opportunities for development of the industry fair. At present, the average income gap among industries in China has reached more than 3 times, some industries especially monopoly income water Even higher. On the one hand, the high income of monopoly industries may reduce competition in the industry labor productivity, the low income industry economic downturn more, is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry; on the other hand, monopoly industries with a monopoly to obtain excess monopoly profits, divided the whole people to enjoy the surplus value that hindered the rational flow of factors of production, and even increase social instability factor. Therefore, narrowing the income gap, the income gap within a reasonable range, is the key to ensure the stable development of social economy.
For the oil industry, in the early stage of China's economic development, the technology and the backward management system, the industry is not optimistic about the momentum of economic development, low efficiency of production of large enterprises, small enterprises have closed down or merged, therefore, in order to rectify the downturn in the market economy, the State adopts support policy to support the development of administrative rights the industry, by the state administrative power as well as capital and technology support, the oil industry production efficiency is improved, which also forms the so-called administrative monopoly industries. However, as the society of our country through the gradual development of economy, the other companies within the industry capital technology and management level has been able to meet the requirements for the current level of productivity, but it is monopoly monopoly position for blocking the door outside, therefore, deregulation and introduction of competition mechanism, is conducive to the whole social economic efficiency. High. In addition to monopoly factors, human capital, industry characteristics, the income gap between different industries have different degrees of influence, therefore, based on the oil industry, analysis and forecasting of the status quo and development trend of high income, high income leads to decomposition of the cause of the oil industry, according to the influence degree of the corresponding factors to give the corresponding policy recommendations.
Firstly, by using absolute index, the overall analysis of income level on the oil industry situation, through the collation of data can be obtained, with the year increase, the average income level of the oil industry was gradually increasing trend, further, the box Jenkins model, the problem of high income of the oil industry forecast data, the results show that the if you keep the current policy and economic environment, the average income of the oil industry will gradually increase. Therefore, an antidote against the disease, mainly caused by the oil industry of high income, has become an urgent demand. Secondly, based on the research and summary of experience, will lead to the oil industry the main reason for the high income due to the monopoly of human capital. The characteristics of the industry and the owner of the monopoly of four kinds of factors. This paper chooses the oil industry and the textile industry yearbook company as the source of data, according to the above theory On finishing the six main explanatory variables, using the method of median regression, the Ranis Fei decomposition model and dummy variable model of two kinds of measurement methods, finally obtains the consistent conclusion: factors affecting the income gap among industries, monopoly factor is made main factors of the income gap between the industry, industry characteristics and then the factors of human capital, and the individual characteristics is not the main reason for the income gap between the industry. Finally, according to the empirical and theoretical summary of the main reasons, the oil industry gives the corresponding policy based on suggestions. First, the transformation of government functions, deregulation and the introduction of competition mechanism, change the industry administrative monopoly; secondly, to standardize government management, establish the reasonable income distribution policy, improve relevant laws and regulations; finally, to perfect the market regulation mechanism, Jian Liliang labor market, Promote the rational flow of resources and improve the comprehensive quality of the labor force.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.22;F249.24;D630

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