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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國逆城市化現(xiàn)象研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：1976年美國著名的城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)師貝里首次在其論述中使用了“逆城市化”這一術(shù)語。當(dāng)時(shí),他敏銳地注意到美國城市發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的交通擁擠、污染嚴(yán)重、犯罪增長等問題,致使城市社會(huì)的人口重心發(fā)生變化,即城市人口逐漸向城市郊區(qū)或更遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村轉(zhuǎn)移,大城市內(nèi)部趨于空心化,城市發(fā)展陷于遲滯狀態(tài)。貝里用“逆城市化”一詞就是來描述發(fā)達(dá)國家城市發(fā)展過程中城市內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)的人口重心發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移這一現(xiàn)象。然而這里的“逆”,并不是城市人口的農(nóng)村化,而是指由于大城市中心人口過度集聚,引發(fā)城市問題的膨脹,人們不堪“城市病”的困擾,而開始逐步向城市郊區(qū)甚或鄉(xiāng)村遷移,同時(shí)城市中心的部分工業(yè)、商業(yè)等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)也逐漸向周圍蔓延、擴(kuò)散�？傊�,逆城市化是相對(duì)城市化而言的,它并不是孤立存在的,是城市化發(fā)展到一定程度的必然趨勢,它不僅是一個(gè)城、鎮(zhèn)、村的“空間”問題,更重要的是,它是由經(jīng)濟(jì)(產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的城鄉(xiāng)互補(bǔ))、人口(流動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)移及逆反)、生態(tài)和資源的動(dòng)態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)等方面綜合構(gòu)成的。 20世紀(jì)60年代,我國就出現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模的逆城市化現(xiàn)象,這主要是有受國際關(guān)系影響的我國趕超戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向、國家戶籍政策及其相關(guān)政策的限制和大規(guī)模的上山下鄉(xiāng)以及生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平等因素的影響,不是城市化自然發(fā)展到一定程度后出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。并且,這些逆城市化的現(xiàn)象在后來城市化進(jìn)程中得以修正,是一種暫時(shí)的、不具根本意義的逆城市化現(xiàn)象。因此,本文在這里所談及的逆城市化現(xiàn)象,是改革開放以后,我國城市化進(jìn)程加快,出現(xiàn)了一種與城市化在人口結(jié)構(gòu)上的集聚效應(yīng)相悖的人口回流現(xiàn)象。 實(shí)際上,我國逆城市化的研究尚未得到國家和地方的足夠重視。目前,隨著中國大城市普遍的“城市病”和城市環(huán)境的不斷惡化,中央已越來越重視小城鎮(zhèn)和新農(nóng)村的建設(shè),希望以此來分解人口在城市的集聚對(duì)城市發(fā)展帶來的巨大壓力。在這一宏觀背景下,如何發(fā)揮逆城市化在城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的重要調(diào)節(jié)作用,具有越來越重要的理論研究與實(shí)踐價(jià)值。因此,本文論述的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是我國的逆城市化現(xiàn)象,重點(diǎn)是對(duì)逆城市化現(xiàn)象的描述、類型分析以及相關(guān)原因的剖析,關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是立足我國逆城市化現(xiàn)象,提出有針對(duì)性的、有建設(shè)性的能有效地加快我國整體的城市化進(jìn)程的政策建議。 隨著與城市化進(jìn)程同步增長的逆城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,以及逆城市化研究重要性的不斷提升,國家和地方應(yīng)充分重視到逆城市化研究的重要性并加大相關(guān)的重視力度。借助“逆城市化”的力量,可以全面加深我們對(duì)城市化進(jìn)程的理解,使城市化盡可能的規(guī)避在西方國家大規(guī)模出現(xiàn)的“城市病”,促使中國農(nóng)村的城市化,包括農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化、農(nóng)村村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)等,使農(nóng)村和城市互相促進(jìn),達(dá)到城市一體化的良好的聚落環(huán)境,加快城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 1976 the famous city planning designer Berri for the first time in its use of "inverse city" this term. At that time, he is keenly aware of the development of the city traffic congestion, pollution, crime growth and other issues, resulting in heavy social change of the city population, the city population gradually to the city the suburbs or more rural areas, big city become hollow, city development in the state. Berri used the "inverse hysteresis city" is a word to describe the inner city city development in developed countries in the process of the population center of this phenomenon. However, here the "inverse" is not the city population in rural areas but, due to the large population of the city center city agglomeration, expansion triggered by the people over the "urban diseases" problems, and gradually began to migrate to the outskirts of the city or village, the same Part of the industrial city center, commercial and other economic activities gradually spread around diffusion. In short, the city is a city of inverse relative terms, it does not exist, is the development of the city to a certain extent inevitable trend, it is not only a city, town, village of "space" and more importantly, it is the economy (complementary urban and rural industrial structure and economic development), population (transfer and reverse), ecological resources and dynamic coordination integrated.
In 1960s, China appeared the phenomenon of inverse city scale, this is mainly a strategic orientation in China to catch up with the influence of international relations, the influence factors of national household registration policy and related policy restrictions and the scale of the countryside as well as productivity, not natural to the development of the city to some extent after the results. Also, the inverse phenomenon of the city can be modified in the city later in the process, is a temporary phenomenon, the inverse of the city has the basic meaning. Therefore, the phenomenon of inverse City talking about here, is after the reform and opening up, China's city urbanization, the emergence of a cluster contrary to the effect of population flow phenomenon and the city in the population structure.
In fact, China's research on the city inverse enough attention has not been national and local. At present, with the Chinese big city of universal "urban diseases" and city environment worsening, the central government has more and more attention to the construction of small towns and new rural areas, hoping to bring the huge pressure of population decomposition to the development of the city in the city agglomeration. In this background, how to play the important role in the regulation of inverse urbanization in the city sustainable development, has the theory and practice of more and more important value. Therefore, the starting point of this paper is the phenomenon of inverse city of our country, the focus is on the inverse city phenomenon description, type analysis analysis and related reasons, the key point is based on our country's inverse city phenomenon, put forward targeted and constructive can effectively speed up China's city of the whole process of policy recommendations.
With the growth and the accelerating process of city synchronous inverse city process, and constantly enhance the importance of the research on inverse City, state and local governments should fully realize the importance of the city and increase the inverse related efforts. With the "inverse city" can deepen our comprehensive strength, the development of the city understanding of the city as much as possible to avoid large-scale emergence in western countries "urban diseases", promote the China in rural areas of the city, including agricultural industrialization, rural construction, the rural city and promote each other, to achieve the integration of the city a good settlement environment, accelerate urban and rural development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.2

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本文編號(hào)：1376558