【摘要】：電能是當(dāng)前國家發(fā)展、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的重要能源,電力事業(yè)高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)也伴隨著諸多的管理問題。同時(shí)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展使得城市建筑物越來越密集,高層居民樓陸續(xù)開建,現(xiàn)有短距離無線抄表設(shè)備無法滿足遠(yuǎn)距離的抄表要求。改變當(dāng)前的電能表電量抄寫方式,研究新型遠(yuǎn)距離無線通信功能的智能電表對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義�，F(xiàn)有電表電量抄寫方案通信方式主要通過電力線通信或者RS485通信。這種通信方式需要專線連接,布線成本高不利于大面積推廣使用,而依靠ZigBee等無線通信技術(shù)雖然能減少布線成本,但是由于其通信范圍只適合短距離無線通信,所以也不適合遠(yuǎn)距離的電表抄寫方案�；诖吮疚脑O(shè)計(jì)一款適用于遠(yuǎn)距離無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸功能的單相預(yù)付費(fèi)智能電表,其主要依靠SX1276無線通信芯片實(shí)現(xiàn)該功能。該電表采用LoRa調(diào)制技術(shù)通過天線收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù),具有高可靠性,高抗干擾性以及中遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸數(shù)據(jù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。LoRa技術(shù)傳輸距離能達(dá)到傳統(tǒng)無線通信方式距離的數(shù)十倍。本文以單相預(yù)付費(fèi)電能表為研究對象,基于微處理芯片F(xiàn)M3308、電能計(jì)量芯片RN8209C及SX1276無線通信芯片于一體設(shè)計(jì)一款CPU卡的預(yù)付費(fèi)電能表。該電表要達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn)對用電用戶預(yù)付費(fèi)管理的要求,同時(shí)在保障電表具備高精度計(jì)量前提下能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離的遠(yuǎn)程通訊功能。本文從電能表硬件設(shè)計(jì)入手,分析了電表相關(guān)硬件單元電路,重點(diǎn)討論以SX1276芯片為核心構(gòu)建無線通信模塊電路,并設(shè)計(jì)軟件驅(qū)動(dòng)硬件電路工作,滿足數(shù)據(jù)正常接收的要求。同時(shí)對計(jì)量芯片計(jì)量原理,電能表校表原理做了分析討論。在軟件方面設(shè)計(jì)了預(yù)付費(fèi)電能表軟件總體流程,系統(tǒng)初始化程序流程,數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)模塊程序流程,電能計(jì)量和處理模塊程序流程以及SX1276無線通信模塊的軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)。最后將SX1276模塊與電能表進(jìn)行通信測試,通信測試后對電能表誤差進(jìn)行了校驗(yàn)。測試結(jié)果顯示電能表能進(jìn)行正常無線通信,且該款預(yù)付費(fèi)電能表計(jì)量精度誤差等參數(shù)符合國際國內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證了本方案所設(shè)計(jì)的智能電能表的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Electric energy is an important energy for national development and social stability. The high-speed development of electric power industry is accompanied by a lot of management problems at the same time. At the same time, the development of urbanization makes the urban buildings more and more dense, high-rise residential buildings one after another, the existing short-distance wireless meter reading equipment can not meet the long-distance meter reading requirements. It is of great practical significance for national economic development and social stability to change the current copying mode of watt-hour meter and to study the new type of intelligent watt-hour meter with long-distance wireless communication function. The communication mode of current electricity meter copying scheme is mainly through power line communication or RS485 communication. This kind of communication mode needs dedicated line connection, the high cost of wiring is not conducive to the popularization of large area, and relying on wireless communication technology such as ZigBee can reduce the cost of wiring, but its communication range is only suitable for short-range wireless communication. Therefore, it is not suitable for the long-distance meter copying scheme. Based on this, a single-phase prepaid intelligent meter for long-distance wireless data transmission is designed in this paper. It mainly relies on SX1276 wireless communication chip to realize this function. The meter uses LoRa modulation technology to transmit and receive data through the antenna, which has the advantages of high reliability, high anti-interference and medium-long distance transmission. Lora technology can transmit the distance tens of times as long as the traditional wireless communication mode. This paper takes the single-phase prepaid watt-hour meter as the research object, designs a CPU card prepaid watt-hour meter based on the microprocessor chip FM3308, electric energy metering chip RN8209C and the SX1276 wireless communication chip. The meter needs to realize the management of user's prepayment, and the long-distance communication function can be realized on the premise of high-precision measurement of the meter. Starting with the hardware design of watt-hour meter, this paper analyzes the hardware unit circuit of watt-hour meter, emphatically discusses the construction of wireless communication module circuit based on SX1276 chip, and designs the hardware circuit of software driving to meet the requirement of normal data receiving. At the same time, the measuring principle of measuring chip and the calibration principle of watt-hour meter are analyzed and discussed. In the aspect of software, the whole software flow of prepaid watt-hour meter, system initialization program flow, data storage module program flow, electric energy metering and processing module program flow, and SX1276 wireless communication module software program design are designed. Finally, the SX1276 module is tested with the watt-hour meter. After the communication test, the error of the watt-hour meter is checked. The test results show that the watt-hour meter can carry on normal wireless communication, and the measurement precision error of the prepaid watt-hour meter accords with the international and domestic standard, and then the reliability of the intelligent watt-hour meter designed in this scheme is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM933.4

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