腸桿菌科新（亞）種描述及該科植物源性細菌入境疫情分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-04 20:31
【摘要】：腸桿菌科細菌在自然界普遍存在,分布于空氣、水、土壤、人體、動物、植物中�？纱嬖谟谌梭w,引起肺炎、膿毒癥、菌血癥等疾病,是人體的條件致病菌;可存在于昆蟲體內(nèi),侵染并殺死昆蟲;還可侵染植物,引起楊樹潰瘍病、梨火疫病、榆樹濕心病等。此外,腸桿菌科還可作為生物農(nóng)藥、固氮微生物等,對植物代謝、植物生長、有害生物防治等起著積極作用。因此,對腸桿菌科細菌的研究有著重要意義。腸桿菌科菊迪卡氏菌(Dickeya chrysanthemi)、解淀粉歐文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)等細菌可以侵染蝴蝶蘭、海棠、梨樹等植物,造成嚴重經(jīng)濟損失,其中一些細菌是由國外傳入我國。為分析近年來中國進境植物檢疫截獲細菌的情況,明確當(dāng)前我國面臨的植物病原細菌入侵的嚴重性及重要性,以對今后林業(yè)檢疫工作提供參考,本文按照檢疫業(yè)務(wù)類型、來源國(地區(qū))、檢疫性細菌情況等對2010-2015年中國進境植物檢疫截獲細菌情況進行統(tǒng)計分析。2010-2015年,我國各口岸從水果、種苗等進境植物及植物產(chǎn)品中共截獲細菌139種、7736批次,分別來自70個國家(地區(qū));截獲檢疫性細菌16種(其中10種可危害花卉和林木),521批次;花卉、林木病原細菌23種、835批次;腸桿菌科細菌32種、2016批次,楊樹枯萎病菌、梨火疫病菌、亞洲梨火疫病菌等重要腸桿菌科細菌未有截獲。2010-2015年,進境植物檢疫截獲細菌的種類及次數(shù)總體呈上升趨勢,檢疫性細菌入侵風(fēng)險增大,防范形勢嚴峻。以植物源性腸桿菌科細菌為研究對象,選取16S rRNA、gyrB、rpoB、infB、atpD五個基因,采用最大似然法(ML)、鄰接法(NJ)、最小進化法(ME)分析了腸桿菌科系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,基于16S rRNA基因構(gòu)建的ML樹、NJ樹、ME樹各種屬間分支節(jié)點普遍置信度較低,如ML樹的大部分分支置信度低于50%,在不同方法構(gòu)建的16S rRNA基因系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹中,某些種、屬的位置不穩(wěn)定。基于看家基因構(gòu)建的ML樹、NJ樹、ME樹分支都具有較高的支持率,表明該進化樹對腸桿菌科分類的展示效果較好;ML樹、NJ樹、ME樹三種樹拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)有較高的一致性,各個屬在系統(tǒng)進化樹位置比較穩(wěn)定。利用形態(tài)學(xué)、生理生化、分子生物學(xué)等方法鑒定并描述了腸桿菌科Brenneria屬三個細菌新(亞)種,分別是B.populi種的新亞種、B.salicis種的新亞種、Brenneria屬的新種。
[Abstract]:Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are ubiquitous in nature, distributed in air, water, soil, human body, animals and plants. May exist in the human body, causes pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia and other diseases, is the human body condition pathogenic bacteria; may exist in the insect body, infects and kills the insect; also may infect the plant, causes poplar canker disease, pear fire blight, elm wet heart disease and so on. In addition, Enterobacteriaceae can also play a positive role in plant metabolism, plant growth, pest control and so on. Therefore, the study of Enterobacteriaceae is of great significance. Enterobacteriaceae, (Dickeya chrysanthemi), (Erwinia amylovora) and other bacteria can infect Phalaenopsis, Begonia, pear and other plants, causing serious economic losses, some of which were introduced from abroad to China. In order to analyze the situation of intercepting bacteria in the import plant quarantine of China in recent years, to make clear the seriousness and importance of the invasion of plant pathogenic bacteria in China at present, and to provide reference for the future forest quarantine work, this paper is based on the type of quarantine business. Source countries (regions), quarantine bacteria, etc. Statistical analysis was made on the interception of bacteria in import plant quarantine of China from 2010 to 2015. From 2010 to 2015, 139 species of bacteria were intercepted from imported plants and plant products, such as fruits, seedlings, etc. 7736 batches from 70 countries (regions); 16 kinds of quarantine bacteria (10 of which could harm flowers and trees), 521 batches, 23 species of flowers and tree pathogenic bacteria, 835 batches; 32 species of Enterobacteriaceae, 2016 batches of bacteria, Poplar Fusarium wilt, Pyrophytophthora infestans, and other important Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were not intercepted. From 2010 to 2015, the species and frequency of intercepting bacteria in import plant quarantine showed an increasing trend. Quarantine bacteria invasion risk increased, the situation is grim. Five 16s rRNA,gyrB,rpoB,infB,atpD genes were selected from Enterobacteriaceae, and the phylogenetic relationships of Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed by maximum likelihood method (ML),) and (NJ), minimal evolution method (ME). The results showed that the confidence of most branches of 16s rRNA gene in ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree was lower than 50% in most branches of ML tree, and in the phylogenetic tree of 16s rRNA gene constructed by different methods, the confidence of most branches of ML tree was lower than 50%, and the phylogenetic tree of 16s rRNA gene was constructed by different methods. The position of certain species, genera, is unstable. The branches of ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree constructed based on housekeeping gene all had high support rate, which indicated that the phylogenetic tree was effective in displaying the taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae. The topological structure of ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree has high consistency, and each genus is stable in phylogenetic tree. Three new bacteria (subspecies) of Brenneria genus of Enterobacteriaceae were identified and described by means of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. They are new subspecies of B.populi species, new subspecies of B.salicis species and new species of Brenneria genus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S41-30
本文編號：2400762
[Abstract]:Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are ubiquitous in nature, distributed in air, water, soil, human body, animals and plants. May exist in the human body, causes pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia and other diseases, is the human body condition pathogenic bacteria; may exist in the insect body, infects and kills the insect; also may infect the plant, causes poplar canker disease, pear fire blight, elm wet heart disease and so on. In addition, Enterobacteriaceae can also play a positive role in plant metabolism, plant growth, pest control and so on. Therefore, the study of Enterobacteriaceae is of great significance. Enterobacteriaceae, (Dickeya chrysanthemi), (Erwinia amylovora) and other bacteria can infect Phalaenopsis, Begonia, pear and other plants, causing serious economic losses, some of which were introduced from abroad to China. In order to analyze the situation of intercepting bacteria in the import plant quarantine of China in recent years, to make clear the seriousness and importance of the invasion of plant pathogenic bacteria in China at present, and to provide reference for the future forest quarantine work, this paper is based on the type of quarantine business. Source countries (regions), quarantine bacteria, etc. Statistical analysis was made on the interception of bacteria in import plant quarantine of China from 2010 to 2015. From 2010 to 2015, 139 species of bacteria were intercepted from imported plants and plant products, such as fruits, seedlings, etc. 7736 batches from 70 countries (regions); 16 kinds of quarantine bacteria (10 of which could harm flowers and trees), 521 batches, 23 species of flowers and tree pathogenic bacteria, 835 batches; 32 species of Enterobacteriaceae, 2016 batches of bacteria, Poplar Fusarium wilt, Pyrophytophthora infestans, and other important Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were not intercepted. From 2010 to 2015, the species and frequency of intercepting bacteria in import plant quarantine showed an increasing trend. Quarantine bacteria invasion risk increased, the situation is grim. Five 16s rRNA,gyrB,rpoB,infB,atpD genes were selected from Enterobacteriaceae, and the phylogenetic relationships of Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed by maximum likelihood method (ML),) and (NJ), minimal evolution method (ME). The results showed that the confidence of most branches of 16s rRNA gene in ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree was lower than 50% in most branches of ML tree, and in the phylogenetic tree of 16s rRNA gene constructed by different methods, the confidence of most branches of ML tree was lower than 50%, and the phylogenetic tree of 16s rRNA gene was constructed by different methods. The position of certain species, genera, is unstable. The branches of ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree constructed based on housekeeping gene all had high support rate, which indicated that the phylogenetic tree was effective in displaying the taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae. The topological structure of ML tree, NJ tree and ME tree has high consistency, and each genus is stable in phylogenetic tree. Three new bacteria (subspecies) of Brenneria genus of Enterobacteriaceae were identified and described by means of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. They are new subspecies of B.populi species, new subspecies of B.salicis species and new species of Brenneria genus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S41-30
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