【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速的發(fā)展,及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)一步升級,按照供給側(cè)改革的要求,電力系統(tǒng)體制改革不斷向前推進(jìn),售電公司的成立標(biāo)志著電力工業(yè)發(fā)展邁入了新階段。從發(fā)電廠到電網(wǎng),再從電網(wǎng)到用戶的電量計量結(jié)算的準(zhǔn)確性牽扯到廣大人民群眾的切身利益,關(guān)系到電量交易的公平公正。其中發(fā)電企業(yè)上網(wǎng)電量的計量位于電力系統(tǒng)上游部分,具有電壓等級高、技術(shù)復(fù)雜、計量額度大的特點,我們將其定義為一次計量關(guān)口點,是發(fā)電集團(tuán)和供電公司開展大額電量交易業(yè)務(wù)的電能輸送節(jié)點,是他們開展計量工作管理的重點。電能計量裝置系統(tǒng)主要包含電壓互感器(包含電磁式和電容式兩種)、電流互感器、二次系統(tǒng)連接線及電能表等裝置。其中電壓互感器的作用是將一次電網(wǎng)高壓轉(zhuǎn)換為二次低壓后接入電能表,因此保證整個電量計量系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確的必要條件之一就是要保證電壓互感器的準(zhǔn)確度。隨著電網(wǎng)電壓等級的提升,電容式互感器取代了電磁式互感器,成為山東地區(qū)超高壓以及特高壓電網(wǎng)計量裝置體系的主要裝備。本文探討了電容式電壓互感器構(gòu)成部分、工作原理及誤差產(chǎn)生機理,介紹了電容式互感器現(xiàn)場校驗工作的開展情況,分析進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場校驗時試驗電源頻率、外部環(huán)境溫度、一次接線鄰近效應(yīng)、二次負(fù)載及外部電場對電容式電壓互感器準(zhǔn)確度產(chǎn)生的影響,并介紹了山東電網(wǎng)近年來電容式互感器現(xiàn)場校準(zhǔn)超差的典型案例,詳細(xì)闡述了電容式互感器誤差超差后的分析過程和解決方案,為今后工作中再遇到電容式互感器誤差超差的問題提供了分析方法和參考依據(jù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,電容式電壓互感器的現(xiàn)場校驗采用的電壓諧振升壓做了詳細(xì)的介紹,展示了一整套根據(jù)此原理設(shè)計的現(xiàn)場校驗成套設(shè)備。最后針對電壓諧振升壓校驗設(shè)備的缺點,結(jié)合工作現(xiàn)場實際困難并提出了一種進(jìn)一步縮減設(shè)備體積、提高校驗設(shè)備集成化程度的改進(jìn)方式:采取一種改進(jìn)型高壓試驗變壓器,通過中壓繞組接入可調(diào)電抗器與被試互感器產(chǎn)生電流諧振消除無功,藉以降低升壓器的負(fù)載及所試驗電源容量,并能大幅度減小可調(diào)電抗器體積以實現(xiàn)整套設(shè)備進(jìn)一步小型化,從而提高校驗工作效率。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the further upgrading of industrial structure, according to the demand of supply-side reform, the reform of power system is advancing continuously, and the establishment of power sale company marks the new stage of the development of electric power industry. The accuracy of electricity metering and settlement from power plant to power grid involves the vital interests of the broad masses of the people and relates to the fairness and fairness of electricity trading. The metering of power generation enterprises is located in the upstream part of the power system, which has the characteristics of high voltage grade, complex technology and large metering quota. It is the power transmission node that the generation group and the power supply company carry out the large quantity electricity transaction business, is the key point of their metering work management. The system of electric energy metering device mainly includes voltage transformer (including electromagnetic type and capacitive type), current transformer, secondary system connection wire and electric energy meter and so on. The function of the voltage transformer is to convert the primary power network high voltage to the secondary low voltage and connect to the energy meter. Therefore, one of the necessary conditions to ensure the accuracy of the whole electric quantity measurement system is to ensure the accuracy of the voltage transformer. With the improvement of power grid voltage, capacitive transformers have replaced electromagnetic transformers and become the main equipment of the metering device system of the ultra-high voltage and ultra high voltage power grid in Shandong area. This paper discusses the composition, working principle and error generation mechanism of capacitive voltage transformer, introduces the development of field calibration of capacitive transformer, analyzes the frequency of test power supply and the temperature of external environment during field calibration. The influence of proximity effect of primary connection, secondary load and external electric field on the accuracy of capacitive voltage transformer is introduced. The typical cases of field calibration of capacitive transformer in Shandong Power Grid in recent years are introduced. In this paper, the analysis process and solution of capacitance transformer error deviation are described in detail, which provides the analysis method and reference basis for the problem of capacitance transformer error exceeding error in the future work. On this basis, the voltage resonance boost used in field calibration of capacitive voltage transformer is introduced in detail, and a complete set of field calibration equipment designed according to this principle is presented. Finally, aiming at the shortcomings of voltage resonance voltage booster calibration equipment and combining the practical difficulties in the work site, an improved method of further reducing the volume of the equipment and increasing the integration of the calibration equipment is put forward: a kind of improved high voltage test transformer is adopted. In order to reduce the load of the booster and the capacity of the tested power supply, the adjustable reactor volume can be greatly reduced to realize the further miniaturization of the whole equipment by connecting the adjustable reactor with the tested transformer to produce current resonance to eliminate reactive power, so as to reduce the load of the booster and the capacity of the tested power supply. In order to improve the efficiency of calibration work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM451.2

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