【摘要】：我國西部地區(qū)地形條件復(fù)雜,以山區(qū)為主,地表起伏很大。在這些地區(qū)修建鐵路,通常需要克服較大的高差和跨越各種障礙,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致西部山區(qū)鐵路不僅工程數(shù)量巨大,而且橋隧工程的比例普遍較高,工程難度很大。所以在傳統(tǒng)的山區(qū)鐵路選線之中,為了盡量節(jié)省建設(shè)投資,更多是從鐵路的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)角度進(jìn)行選線,對外部環(huán)境的影響考慮較少。鐵路建設(shè)對沿線環(huán)境的影響很大,特別是在自然環(huán)境條件復(fù)雜的西部山區(qū),存在許多生態(tài)脆弱地帶和環(huán)境敏感區(qū)域,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)鐵路建設(shè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,必須在鐵路選線中貫徹環(huán)保理念,實(shí)行環(huán)境選線。此外,西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)相對落后,如何在保護(hù)環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)揮鐵路對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用,也需要在選線過程中予以考慮。本文根據(jù)西部山區(qū)環(huán)境特點(diǎn),在分析鐵路建設(shè)對自然環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境各方面的影響基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合已有的研究成果,總結(jié)了鐵路環(huán)境選線的理念和方法及其在實(shí)際工程中的應(yīng)用。然后按照多指標(biāo)綜合評價(jià)的理論和方法,建立了考慮環(huán)境影響的方案評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,對西部山區(qū)線路方案優(yōu)選進(jìn)行了研究。首先,分析了環(huán)境選線需要考慮的因素,提出環(huán)境選線不僅要考慮自然環(huán)境,還要考慮鐵路對社會環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的影響。然后結(jié)合以往鐵路建設(shè)過程中遇到的實(shí)際問題,提出鐵路環(huán)境選線基本原則和要求,并從環(huán)境影響評價(jià)、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、選線技術(shù)等方面分析,總結(jié)了如何鐵路環(huán)境選線的具體方法和步驟。其次,在全面分析鐵路與周圍環(huán)境的關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上,按照指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建的原則和思路,用目標(biāo)分解的方法確定方案評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的層次結(jié)構(gòu),從自然環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)方面篩選具體指標(biāo),并研究了用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、閡值法、專家打分等方法對指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化評價(jià),建立了西部山區(qū)環(huán)境選線方案評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。最后,在分析各種常見的評價(jià)方法特點(diǎn)之后,選取了模糊綜合評價(jià)、人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評價(jià)兩種方法建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對其各自的原理和適用性進(jìn)行了研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用西部山區(qū)鐵路選線的典型工程案例對所建立的評價(jià)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明本文方法用于鐵路環(huán)境選線方案決策都是可行的。但通過對兩種方法的計(jì)算過程和評價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,得出人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評價(jià)法用于方案評價(jià)效果更好。
[Abstract]:The terrain conditions in western China are complex, mainly in mountainous areas, and the surface undulation is very large. The construction of railway in these areas usually needs to overcome the large height difference and cross all kinds of obstacles. As a result, the railway in the western mountainous area not only has a large number of projects, but also has a high proportion of bridge and tunnel projects, and the engineering is very difficult. Therefore, in order to save the construction investment as much as possible in the traditional railway line selection in mountainous areas, it is more from the technical and economic point of view of the railway line selection, and the impact on the external environment is less considered. Railway construction has a great impact on the environment along the railway line, especially in the western mountainous areas where the natural environment conditions are complex, there are many ecologically fragile zones and environmentally sensitive areas, in order to realize the sustainable development of railway construction, Environmental protection concept must be carried out in railway line selection and environmental route selection must be carried out. In addition, the western region is relatively backward in economy. How to promote the economic and social development of railway on the basis of environmental protection also needs to be considered in the course of route selection. On the basis of analyzing the influence of railway construction on natural environment and social environment, and combining with the existing research results, this paper summarizes the idea and method of railway environmental route selection and its application in practical engineering. Then, according to the theory and method of multi-index comprehensive evaluation, a scheme evaluation index system considering environmental impact is established, and the optimal selection of route scheme in western mountainous area is studied. Firstly, the paper analyzes the factors that need to be considered in environmental route selection, and points out that environmental route selection should not only consider the natural environment, but also consider the influence of railway on social environment and economic environment. Then combined with the practical problems encountered in the past railway construction process, the paper puts forward the basic principles and requirements of railway environmental route selection, and analyzes the environmental impact assessment, environmental economics, route selection technology and so on. The concrete methods and steps of how to select railway environmental route are summarized. Secondly, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the relationship between railway and surrounding environment, according to the principles and ideas of the construction of the index system, the hierarchical structure of the evaluation index system of the project is determined by the method of objective decomposition, which is based on the natural environment and the social environment. In this paper, three aspects of technology and economy are selected, and the quantitative evaluation of the indexes is studied by statistical analysis, threshold value method and expert scoring method, and the evaluation index system of environmental route selection scheme in western mountainous area is established. Finally, after analyzing the characteristics of various common evaluation methods, two methods, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and artificial neural network evaluation, are selected to establish mathematical models, and their respective principles and applicability are studied. On this basis, the evaluation model is verified by using typical engineering cases of railway line selection in western mountainous area. The results show that the proposed method is feasible for railway environmental route selection scheme decision. However, by comparing the calculation process and evaluation results of the two methods, it is concluded that the artificial neural network evaluation method is more effective in scheme evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U212.32

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