農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿及影響因素研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 18:16
【摘要】：十八大報告中指出,“引導勞動者轉(zhuǎn)變就業(yè)觀念,鼓勵多渠道多形式就業(yè),促進創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè),做好以高校畢業(yè)生為重點的青年就業(yè)工作”以及當下“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”的理念已成為我國的政策新形勢。創(chuàng)業(yè)是時代所趨,更是越來越多大學生的職業(yè)生涯選擇。我國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國,自2003年以來中央一號文件已連續(xù)第十四年聚焦“三農(nóng)”問題,如何鼓勵支持大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè),對培養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)人才,提高農(nóng)民素質(zhì),發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟,具有十分重大的意義。大學生的涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)活動水平直接取決于大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的高低,而涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿又受到諸多因素的影響。這對大學生的教育提出了新的課題,推進大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,首先要激發(fā)大學生的創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿。那么,農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的影響因素到底有哪些?如何提高農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿,激發(fā)更多的大學生投身到農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)的實踐之中?針對上述問題,已有不少相關研究但仍有不足,主要體現(xiàn)在四方面:一是,通過調(diào)查問卷對大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)狀況進行描述性統(tǒng)計的文章較多,但針對農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿方面的研究較少;二是,集中于理論研究階段的文章較多,但結(jié)合新形勢國家激勵政策背景,對未來創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供有效解決對策的研究較少;三是,創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的研究模型難以跟上時代發(fā)展,難以滿足現(xiàn)代的研究需要;四是,對涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的特點,以及涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的門檻和風險因素對創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的影響研究較少等�；诖�,本研究從個人特質(zhì)、創(chuàng)業(yè)教育、創(chuàng)業(yè)認知、創(chuàng)業(yè)能力、創(chuàng)業(yè)風險、創(chuàng)業(yè)門檻、創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿等八個因素對影響農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿進行模型假設與理論分析,構(gòu)建了多因素影響意愿模型,進一步挖掘創(chuàng)業(yè)風險與創(chuàng)業(yè)門檻的影響因素,將影響意愿的因素通過模型構(gòu)建進行串聯(lián),形成意愿影響因素的完整框架。在此基礎上,通過對全國21所高校1050名在校大學生進行了問卷調(diào)查和對來自8個城市共計100名已在涉農(nóng)部門創(chuàng)業(yè)大學生進行了問卷及半開放式訪談,采用調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)對農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的影響因素進行了理論及實證分析,結(jié)果表明:大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿選擇是一種復雜的決策行為,不僅受到個人特質(zhì)、創(chuàng)業(yè)認知、創(chuàng)業(yè)能力等主觀因素的影響,而且還受到創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、創(chuàng)業(yè)教育、創(chuàng)業(yè)風險、創(chuàng)業(yè)門檻等客觀因素的影響;參與創(chuàng)業(yè)教育頻率高的學生,其涉農(nóng)興趣更加濃厚,涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿更加強烈;大學生對創(chuàng)業(yè)政策、創(chuàng)業(yè)流程認知度越高,其涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿就越強烈;創(chuàng)業(yè)是否得到社會、學校和家人的認可,對農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生的涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿,有著重要影響;學生受創(chuàng)業(yè)教育熏陶的程度,以及是否有涉農(nóng)的實習履歷等都是影響其是否進行涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)或繼續(xù)從事涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的重要因素。影響在校大學生及已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的因素各不相同。當前在校大學生由于接受的創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓較少,資金不足,經(jīng)驗缺乏,導致他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)動機較已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學生相比較低,周邊未能形成良好的涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境;對已創(chuàng)業(yè)大學生來說,他們能力及經(jīng)驗豐富,有著扎實的創(chuàng)業(yè)功底,二者形成鮮明對比。本研究認為,提升大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿,關鍵是開展創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的關鍵在于提升大學生的創(chuàng)業(yè)認知和創(chuàng)業(yè)能力;創(chuàng)業(yè)認知與創(chuàng)業(yè)特質(zhì)的精髓是創(chuàng)業(yè)精神,塑造和培養(yǎng)大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)精神是推進大學創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實踐的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。據(jù)此提出了對策建議,為培養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學生涉農(nóng)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿和推進農(nóng)業(yè)院校大學創(chuàng)業(yè)教育提供了依據(jù)和參考。
[Abstract]:In the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, it is pointed out that the concept of "guiding laborers to change their employment concepts, encouraging multi-channel and multi-form employment, promoting entrepreneurship to promote employment, and doing a good job of youth employment with college graduates as the focus" and the concept of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" have become the new policy situation in China. As a big agricultural country, the No.1 document of the Central Committee has focused on agriculture, countryside and farmers for 14 consecutive years since 2003. How to encourage and support college students'entrepreneurship in agriculture is of great significance to cultivate agricultural talents, improve the quality of farmers and develop rural economy. The level of College Students'entrepreneurship is directly determined by their willingness to start a business involving agriculture, and their willingness to start a business involving agriculture is influenced by many factors. Some? How to Improve Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial willingness, stimulate more students to participate in the practice of agricultural entrepreneurship? In view of the above problems, there are many related studies but there are still insufficient, mainly reflected in four aspects: First, through questionnaires on the entrepreneurial status of college students descriptive statistics of more articles, but for agriculture. Secondly, there are more articles focused on the theoretical research stage, but few studies on the effective solutions for future entrepreneurs combined with the national incentive policy background in the new situation; thirdly, the research model of entrepreneurial intention is difficult to keep up with the development of the times and meet the needs of modern research. Fourthly, there are few studies on the characteristics of agriculture-related entrepreneurship, the threshold of agriculture-related entrepreneurship and the impact of risk factors on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the model hypothesis and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a multi-factor influencing willingness model, further excavates the influencing factors of entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial threshold, and connects the influencing factors through the model construction to form a complete framework of influencing factors of willingness. Questionnaires and semi-open interviews were conducted among 100 undergraduates from eight cities who had already started their own businesses in the agricultural sector. The data were used to analyze the influencing factors of Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial intention. The results show that the choice of Undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention is a complex decision. Policy-making behavior is not only affected by individual characteristics, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial ability and other subjective factors, but also by the entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial risk, entrepreneurial threshold and other objective factors; students who participate in entrepreneurial education frequency, their interest in agriculture is more strong, entrepreneurial intention is more intense; college students on entrepreneurial policy, The higher the cognition of entrepreneurial process is, the stronger the entrepreneurial intention is; whether the entrepreneurial intention is recognized by the society, the school and the family has an important impact on the entrepreneurial intention of Agricultural College students; the degree of the students'entrepreneurship education, as well as whether they have a practical experience in agriculture, all affect whether they are engaged in agricultural entrepreneurship or not. There are different factors influencing the entrepreneurial willingness of college students and those who have already started their own businesses.At present, college students have less entrepreneurial training, insufficient funds and lack of experience, which leads to their lower entrepreneurial motivation than those who have already started their own businesses. This study holds that the key to enhance college students'entrepreneurial willingness is to carry out entrepreneurial education, the key to entrepreneurial education is to enhance college students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial characteristics of the essence. The pith is the spirit of entrepreneurship, and shaping and cultivating the spirit of entrepreneurship is the key link to promote the practice of College entrepreneurship education.
【學位授予單位】：北京農(nóng)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F279.2
本文編號：2210208
[Abstract]:In the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, it is pointed out that the concept of "guiding laborers to change their employment concepts, encouraging multi-channel and multi-form employment, promoting entrepreneurship to promote employment, and doing a good job of youth employment with college graduates as the focus" and the concept of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" have become the new policy situation in China. As a big agricultural country, the No.1 document of the Central Committee has focused on agriculture, countryside and farmers for 14 consecutive years since 2003. How to encourage and support college students'entrepreneurship in agriculture is of great significance to cultivate agricultural talents, improve the quality of farmers and develop rural economy. The level of College Students'entrepreneurship is directly determined by their willingness to start a business involving agriculture, and their willingness to start a business involving agriculture is influenced by many factors. Some? How to Improve Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial willingness, stimulate more students to participate in the practice of agricultural entrepreneurship? In view of the above problems, there are many related studies but there are still insufficient, mainly reflected in four aspects: First, through questionnaires on the entrepreneurial status of college students descriptive statistics of more articles, but for agriculture. Secondly, there are more articles focused on the theoretical research stage, but few studies on the effective solutions for future entrepreneurs combined with the national incentive policy background in the new situation; thirdly, the research model of entrepreneurial intention is difficult to keep up with the development of the times and meet the needs of modern research. Fourthly, there are few studies on the characteristics of agriculture-related entrepreneurship, the threshold of agriculture-related entrepreneurship and the impact of risk factors on entrepreneurial intention. Based on the model hypothesis and theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a multi-factor influencing willingness model, further excavates the influencing factors of entrepreneurial risk and entrepreneurial threshold, and connects the influencing factors through the model construction to form a complete framework of influencing factors of willingness. Questionnaires and semi-open interviews were conducted among 100 undergraduates from eight cities who had already started their own businesses in the agricultural sector. The data were used to analyze the influencing factors of Agricultural University Students'entrepreneurial intention. The results show that the choice of Undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention is a complex decision. Policy-making behavior is not only affected by individual characteristics, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial ability and other subjective factors, but also by the entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial risk, entrepreneurial threshold and other objective factors; students who participate in entrepreneurial education frequency, their interest in agriculture is more strong, entrepreneurial intention is more intense; college students on entrepreneurial policy, The higher the cognition of entrepreneurial process is, the stronger the entrepreneurial intention is; whether the entrepreneurial intention is recognized by the society, the school and the family has an important impact on the entrepreneurial intention of Agricultural College students; the degree of the students'entrepreneurship education, as well as whether they have a practical experience in agriculture, all affect whether they are engaged in agricultural entrepreneurship or not. There are different factors influencing the entrepreneurial willingness of college students and those who have already started their own businesses.At present, college students have less entrepreneurial training, insufficient funds and lack of experience, which leads to their lower entrepreneurial motivation than those who have already started their own businesses. This study holds that the key to enhance college students'entrepreneurial willingness is to carry out entrepreneurial education, the key to entrepreneurial education is to enhance college students' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial characteristics of the essence. The pith is the spirit of entrepreneurship, and shaping and cultivating the spirit of entrepreneurship is the key link to promote the practice of College entrepreneurship education.
【學位授予單位】：北京農(nóng)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F279.2
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