本文選題：財(cái)務(wù)公司 + 資金使用效率��； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：企業(yè)集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司是以加強(qiáng)集團(tuán)資金集中管理和提高集團(tuán)資金使用效率為目的,為集團(tuán)成員單位提供財(cái)務(wù)管理服務(wù)的非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)。世界上第一家財(cái)務(wù)公司誕生于1878年,由此算起財(cái)務(wù)公司在西方的發(fā)展已經(jīng)超過130年。西方發(fā)達(dá)國家通過在企業(yè)集團(tuán)體系內(nèi)部設(shè)立財(cái)務(wù)公司,實(shí)現(xiàn)了工業(yè)資本向金融資本的轉(zhuǎn)換。而我國第一家財(cái)務(wù)公司——東風(fēng)汽車財(cái)務(wù)公司成立于1987年,經(jīng)過近30年的發(fā)展,我國財(cái)務(wù)公司數(shù)量穩(wěn)步增長,規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,業(yè)務(wù)種類更加多元,資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量顯著提升,盈利水平逐步提高,已成為我國非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系中不可或缺的重要組成部分。雖然現(xiàn)階段我國財(cái)務(wù)公司行業(yè)規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟(jì)體量相對較小,但其無論對集團(tuán)本身還是對資本市場的發(fā)展均發(fā)揮著重要而積極的作用。財(cái)務(wù)公司不僅在服務(wù)集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展、提升集團(tuán)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與管理效益等方面做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn),而且作為企業(yè)內(nèi)部的金融機(jī)構(gòu),財(cái)務(wù)公司起到了連接產(chǎn)業(yè)需求與金融市場的紐帶作用,密切了實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)與金融市場的聯(lián)系。然而國內(nèi)外理論界對財(cái)務(wù)公司運(yùn)營效率的研究并不多,從現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)資料來看,國外學(xué)者的研究主要集中在財(cái)務(wù)公司的存在原因、功能作用等方面,對財(cái)務(wù)公司運(yùn)作效率方面的評價(jià)研究則基本沒有。國內(nèi)學(xué)者對財(cái)務(wù)公司的研究主要集中在公司的功能定位、發(fā)展模式等方面,而且關(guān)于資金使用的研究都只是側(cè)重于資金的集中管理,對財(cái)務(wù)公司本身資金使用效率進(jìn)行深入探討和分析的文獻(xiàn)資料屈指可數(shù)。因此,本文通過DEA方法對財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率進(jìn)行定量分析,以期彌補(bǔ)理論界對財(cái)務(wù)公司研究的不足。本文的內(nèi)容體系：第一章,緒論。本章首先對本文的選題背景和研究意義做了介紹,然后對比了國內(nèi)外財(cái)務(wù)公司的性質(zhì)和經(jīng)營范圍,將本文的研究對象界定為企業(yè)附屬型-內(nèi)向型財(cái)務(wù)公司；接著對本文的研究思路做了簡要的概括和說明,最后闡述了本文可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)以及存在的不足。第二章,本文相關(guān)理論與文獻(xiàn)綜述。這部分首先介紹了本文研究的相關(guān)理論,包括財(cái)務(wù)公司存在的理論基礎(chǔ)(產(chǎn)融結(jié)合理論、內(nèi)部資本市場理論),以及無效財(cái)務(wù)公司學(xué)習(xí)改進(jìn)的標(biāo)桿管理理論；然后對國內(nèi)外關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)公司的研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和評述,發(fā)現(xiàn)國外現(xiàn)有的研究主要集中在財(cái)務(wù)公司的存在原因、功能作用等方面,對財(cái)務(wù)公司運(yùn)作效率方面的評價(jià)研究則基本沒有。國內(nèi)關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)公司的研究也主要集中在財(cái)務(wù)公司的功能定位以及發(fā)展模式上,對財(cái)務(wù)公司的運(yùn)作效率的研究也非常少。第三章,數(shù)據(jù)包括分析法(DEA)概述。DEA是本文使用的研究方法,本章首先明確了DEA相關(guān)的基本概念,接著介紹了DEA的基本模型(C2R模型、BC2模型)和超效率DEA模型,并闡述了超效率DEA的優(yōu)勢所在。最后本章根據(jù)DEA的分解理論,將財(cái)務(wù)公司的資金使用效率(FUE)分解為純技術(shù)效率(PTE)和規(guī)模效率(SE)。第四章,本文的實(shí)證部分。本章首先對模型采用的研究樣本和數(shù)據(jù)來源做了說明,然后介紹了本文投入產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)的選取方法和依據(jù),最終選擇的投入指標(biāo)有利息支出、自有資本、營業(yè)費(fèi)用,產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)包括利息收入、投資收益。接著,為了保證研究的科學(xué)性,筆者對投入產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)做了相關(guān)性分析,對樣本數(shù)量和指標(biāo)數(shù)量做了合理性檢驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)其均滿足經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則和最新的研究成果。在實(shí)證研究之前,本文還對投入產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國財(cái)務(wù)公司在資產(chǎn)規(guī)模、吸收存款、營業(yè)費(fèi)用支出以及發(fā)放貸款、投資獲利能力等方面?zhèn)�體差異非常明顯。最后,本文根據(jù)實(shí)證結(jié)果,對我國財(cái)務(wù)公司的資金使用效率從總體上、行業(yè)分類、地域差異、規(guī)模效率狀態(tài)以及投入冗余、產(chǎn)出不足等方面做了詳細(xì)的分析。第五章,典型案例分析。根據(jù)第四章的實(shí)證結(jié)果,鞍鋼集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率在所有的樣本中連續(xù)兩年均名列前茅,于是本章將其作為標(biāo)桿企業(yè),對其發(fā)展概況做了介紹,并分析了其資金使用有效的原因。同時(shí),本章還以資金使用無效率的一家財(cái)務(wù)公司——武鋼集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司為例,對其進(jìn)行了標(biāo)桿分析,給出了其資金使用達(dá)到Pareto有效的路徑和方法。最后,本章還分析了鞍鋼集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)對其他公司發(fā)展的啟示。第六章,研究結(jié)論和建議。本章總結(jié)了本文的研究結(jié)論,并從財(cái)務(wù)公司自身以及監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)兩個視角對如何提升我國財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率提出了建議。一方面,財(cái)務(wù)公司需向標(biāo)桿學(xué)習(xí),明確發(fā)展定位,努力降低營業(yè)成本,保持適度的自有資本規(guī)模,并加強(qiáng)投資業(yè)務(wù),提升投資收益水平。另一方面,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮財(cái)務(wù)公司的行業(yè)特征,對其實(shí)施差異化的監(jiān)管政策,并適當(dāng)放松財(cái)務(wù)公司外部融資限制。第七章,結(jié)束語。本章對本文關(guān)于財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率的研究內(nèi)容做了歸納和總結(jié),并對未來的進(jìn)一步研究作了展望。本文的主要研究結(jié)論有：第一,通過與商業(yè)銀行的對比發(fā)現(xiàn),財(cái)務(wù)公司行業(yè)規(guī)模雖然僅占我國銀行業(yè)規(guī)模的1.99%,但其安全性指標(biāo)、流動性指標(biāo)和盈利性指標(biāo)都要明顯優(yōu)于銀行業(yè)；通過對樣本財(cái)務(wù)公司的投入產(chǎn)出指標(biāo)進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國財(cái)務(wù)公司在資產(chǎn)規(guī)模、吸收存款、營業(yè)費(fèi)用支出以及發(fā)放貸款、投資獲利能力等方面?zhèn)�體差異非常明顯,具有鮮明的行業(yè)特征。第二,從總體上講,我國財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率偏低,2011-2012年資金使用效率平均值分別只有0.667和0.715；從數(shù)量上來看,2011年和2012年資金運(yùn)用有效的財(cái)務(wù)公司均只有11家,僅占樣本財(cái)務(wù)公司的13%,兩年均低于行業(yè)平均水平的公司達(dá)到40家,約占樣本總數(shù)的一半；從效率分解來看,2011年和2012年兩年間,純技術(shù)有效的財(cái)務(wù)公司數(shù)量要多于規(guī)模有效的財(cái)務(wù)公司,這說明財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率受規(guī)模效率的影響要大于純技術(shù)效率。第三,分行業(yè)來看,鋼鐵和有色行業(yè)的資金使用效率一直處于相對領(lǐng)先地位,原因是其在純技術(shù)效率方面具有比較優(yōu)勢。電力行業(yè)效率一直最低,且與其他幾個行業(yè)差距較大,本文認(rèn)為其資金使用效率不高既有純技術(shù)效率方面的原因,又有規(guī)模效率方面的原因。按企業(yè)所處地域來講,中部地區(qū)和東北地區(qū)財(cái)務(wù)公司的平均資金使用效率要優(yōu)于東部地區(qū)和西部地區(qū)財(cái)務(wù)公司,其中中部地區(qū)財(cái)務(wù)公司效率最高。筆者認(rèn)為,中部地區(qū)財(cái)務(wù)公司效率高的原因在于其在發(fā)展的同時(shí)管理水平和技術(shù)水平也能齊頭并進(jìn)。本文可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：(1)以目前可以收集到數(shù)據(jù)的2011年與2012年85家財(cái)務(wù)公司為樣本,運(yùn)用DEA方法對我國企業(yè)集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司的資金使用效率進(jìn)行了評價(jià),擴(kuò)大了以前學(xué)者們研究的樣本數(shù)量,使得結(jié)果更具代表性。(2)研究了東部、中部、西部、東北地區(qū)財(cái)務(wù)公司效率的地域差異,豐富了從DEA效率角度評價(jià)財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率的研究內(nèi)容；同時(shí),以鞍鋼集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司和武鋼集團(tuán)財(cái)務(wù)公司為案例對所得結(jié)果進(jìn)行了標(biāo)桿分析與解釋說明；本文還對資金使用有效率的財(cái)務(wù)公司進(jìn)行了超效率重新排名,彌補(bǔ)了以前學(xué)者研究的不足。本文研究的不足：由于數(shù)據(jù)來源的局限性,本文仍然存在一些不足之處：一是樣本數(shù)量依然較少,二是數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)效性不足,且局限于時(shí)間跨度未能對財(cái)務(wù)公司資金使用效率的動態(tài)變化加以討論。希望將來財(cái)務(wù)公司能及時(shí)公布更多的年報(bào)信息,如果筆者未來能收集到更充足的數(shù)據(jù),將對財(cái)務(wù)公司的樣本數(shù)量和時(shí)間跨度進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充,并深入討論其動態(tài)變化。
[Abstract]:The financial company of the enterprise group is a non bank financial institution which aims to strengthen the centralized management of the group funds and improve the efficiency of the group's funds, and provides financial management services for the group members. The first financial company in the world was born in 1878, thus calculating the development of the financial company in the West for more than 130 years. Through the establishment of financial companies within the enterprise group system, the conversion of industrial capital to financial capital is realized. The first financial company of China, Dongfeng automobile finance company, was established in 1987. After nearly 30 years of development, the number of financial companies in China has grown steadily, the scale continues to expand, the business types are more diversified and the quality of the assets is remarkable. It has become an indispensable part of the non bank financial institutions in China. Although the scale and economic volume of our financial companies are relatively small at the present stage, it plays an important and positive role in both the group itself and the development of the capital market. The service group has made outstanding contributions to the strategic development of the group and the promotion of the economic and management benefits of the group. As a financial institution within the enterprise, the financial company has played a link between the industrial demand and the financial market, and closely related to the relationship between the real economy and the financial market. However, the theoretical circles at home and abroad are operating on the financial companies. The research on efficiency is not much. From the existing literature, the research of foreign scholars mainly concentrates on the reasons for the existence and function of the financial companies, and the evaluation of the operational efficiency of the financial companies is basically not. The domestic scholars' research on the financial companies should focus on the function orientation, the development mode and so on. On the other hand, the research on the use of funds is only focused on the centralized management of funds, and there are few documents for the in-depth discussion and analysis of the use efficiency of financial companies themselves. Therefore, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the use efficiency of financial companies through the DEA method, in order to make up for the theoretical circles to study the financial companies. The content system of this article: Chapter 1, introduction. This chapter first introduces the background and significance of this paper, then compares the nature and scope of the domestic and foreign financial companies, and defines the object of this study as an enterprise affiliated and introverted financial company; and then a brief summary of the research ideas of this article is made. In the last part, the second chapter, the relevant theory and literature review. This part first introduces the relevant theories of this study, including the theoretical basis of the existence of financial companies (the theory of integration of production and finance, the theory of internal capital market), and the benchmarking management of the learning improvement of the invalid financial companies. Secondly, it summarizes and reviews the research literature on financial companies both at home and abroad, and finds that the existing research abroad mainly concentrates on the reasons for the existence and function of the financial companies, and the evaluation of the operational efficiency of the financial companies is basically not. The research on financial companies is mainly concentrated in the finance. The research on the operational efficiency of financial companies is very small. The third chapter, the data including analysis method (DEA) overview.DEA is the research method used in this article. This chapter first clarifies the basic concepts related to DEA, and then introduces the basic model of DEA (C2R model, BC2 model) and the super efficient DEA model. And the advantages of super efficiency DEA are expounded. Finally, according to the decomposition theory of DEA, this chapter decomposes the financial use efficiency (FUE) into pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). The fourth chapter, the empirical part of this paper. This chapter first explains the research sample and data source adopted by the model, and then introduces the input of this paper. The index selection method and basis, the final selection of the input indicators have interest expenditure, private capital, operating costs, output indicators including interest income, investment income. Then, in order to ensure the scientific research, the author made a correlation analysis of the input and output indicators, made a reasonable test of the number of samples and the number of indicators, found that all To meet the rule of experience and the latest research results. Before the empirical study, this paper also makes a descriptive statistical analysis of the input and output indicators, and finds that the individual differences in the size of the assets, the absorption of deposits, the operating expenses and the payment of the loans and the profitability of the investment are very obvious. Finally, this paper is based on the empirical results. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the use efficiency of the financial companies in China from the overall, the industry classification, the regional difference, the scale efficiency state, the input redundancy and the output insufficiency. The fifth chapter, the typical case analysis. According to the empirical results of the fourth chapter, the use efficiency of the financial company of Anshan Iron and Steel Group has been in all the samples for two years. This chapter introduces it as a benchmarking enterprise, introduces its development situation, and analyzes the reasons for its effective use of funds. At the same time, this chapter also gives a benchmarking analysis to the financial company of Wugang group, a financial company with inefficiency, and gives the effective use of its funds to Pareto. Finally, this chapter also analyzes the Enlightenment of the development experience of Anshan Iron and steel group finance company to the development of other companies. The sixth chapter, research conclusions and suggestions. This chapter summarizes the conclusions of this study, and puts forward the construction of how to improve the use efficiency of financial companies from two perspectives of the financial company itself and the regulatory agency. On the one hand, the financial companies need to learn from the benchmarks, make clear the development orientation, try to reduce the operating costs, maintain a moderate scale of their own capital, strengthen the investment business and improve the investment income level. On the other hand, the regulators should consider the industry characteristics of the financial companies, implement the differentiated regulatory policy and appropriately relax the financial companies. This chapter sums up and summarizes the content of the research on the use efficiency of financial companies in this chapter, and makes a prospect for further research in the future. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, through the comparison with commercial banks, it is found that the size of the financial companies is only in the banking industry of our country, though it is found in the comparison with the commercial banks. The scale is 1.99%, but its security index, liquidity index and profitability index are obviously superior to the banking industry. Through the descriptive statistical analysis of the input and output indicators of the sample financial companies, it is found that the financial companies in our country have such aspects as the asset scale, the absorption of deposits, the operating expenses, the loans and the profitability of the investment. The difference is very obvious and has distinct industry characteristics. Second, in general, the use efficiency of financial companies in our country is low and the average value of capital use efficiency of 2011-2012 years is only 0.667 and 0.715 respectively. In terms of quantity, only 11 of the effective financial companies in 2011 and 2012 accounted for only 13% of the sample financial companies, two. The annual average of less than the industry average of 40 companies, accounting for about half of the total number of samples; from the efficiency decomposition, in 2011 and 2012, the number of pure technical and effective financial companies more than the scale of the effective financial companies, which shows that the efficiency of financial companies is more efficient than pure technical efficiency. Third, From the point of view of the industry, the efficiency of the iron and steel industry has always been in the leading position because of its comparative advantage in pure technical efficiency. The efficiency of the power industry has always been the lowest, and the gap with the other industries is large. This paper holds that the inefficient use of funds has both pure technical efficiency and regulations. The average capital efficiency of the financial companies in the central and northeast areas is better than the eastern and western financial companies, and the central financial companies are most efficient. The reason for the high efficiency of the financial companies in the central region lies in their development and management at the same time. The possible innovative points of this paper are: (1) a sample of 85 financial companies in 2011 and 2012, which can be collected from the data, is used to evaluate the efficiency of the capital use of the financial companies of the enterprise groups in China, and the number of samples studied by previous scholars has been expanded to make the result more representative. (2) the study of the regional differences in the efficiency of the financial companies in the eastern, central, Western and northeast areas, enriches the research content of the efficiency of financial companies from the DEA efficiency point of view. At the same time, the results of the results are analyzed and explained by the case of Anshan iron and steel group finance company and Wugang group finance company. There are still some shortcomings in this paper: one is that the number of samples is still less, the two is that the data is insufficient, and the time span is limited to the money. It is hoped that in the future, financial companies will be able to publish more annual reports in time. If the author can collect more sufficient data in the future, the number and time span of the financial companies will be expanded and the dynamic changes will be discussed in depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F275

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