回惠租借與戰(zhàn)時中國通貨膨脹研究
本文選題:抗日戰(zhàn)爭 + 回惠租借 ; 參考:《河南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文
【摘要】:中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭是世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭中不可分割的重要組成部分。太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,美國通過“租借法案”與中國正式形成租借關(guān)系。根據(jù)《中美租借協(xié)定》,美方向中方輸送援華物資和投入軍隊等,而中方接受援助的同時還需以回惠租借(Reverse Lend-Lease)形式向來華作戰(zhàn)的美軍部隊提供物資與勞務(wù),所以中美租借關(guān)系是雙向的援助關(guān)系?箲(zhàn)期間,美軍在華軍事投入為抵御日本侵略,增強中國士兵士氣具有重要意義。但是美軍的租借援助還是具有局限性,無法滿足中國戰(zhàn)時內(nèi)需也無法有力支持中國正面抗戰(zhàn)。以往學(xué)界對于戰(zhàn)時中美關(guān)系的研究多從政治和軍事角度考慮,認(rèn)為美方戰(zhàn)時援助為中國抗戰(zhàn)取得勝利發(fā)揮巨大的積極作用。但是較少關(guān)注回惠租借關(guān)系的負(fù)面影響,尤其美軍援助對中國經(jīng)濟影響的研究極為薄弱?谷諔(zhàn)爭期間,大后方的通貨膨脹問題大致分為兩個階段,在1941年珍珠港事件爆發(fā)前,物價上漲較為平緩,太平洋戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,中國通貨膨脹迅速加快,這與回惠租借不無關(guān)系。筆者通過搜集整理前人關(guān)于租借援助的史料,前往各地檔案館搜集一手檔案資料,翻閱民國報刊和國民黨政府統(tǒng)計資料,理清了戰(zhàn)時中方為美軍在華開支的墊款數(shù)額和美方清償問題。中方為在華美軍開支進(jìn)行多次墊付,雙方就美軍開支墊款的償還問題進(jìn)行多次交涉,最終抗戰(zhàn)期間中方共替美方墊款2460億元,美方共償還墊款折合法幣共計327億元,不足中方墊款的14%。駐華美軍的巨額墊款未及時得到清償,國民政府無奈只能擴大貨幣發(fā)行量以獲取鑄幣稅從而彌補財政赤字,最終引發(fā)惡性通貨膨脹。本文量化了回惠租借關(guān)系對戰(zhàn)時中國通貨膨脹的作用。在對一系列文獻(xiàn)史料分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文回顧了回惠租借對中國戰(zhàn)時經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生的影響。基于宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)古典模型,構(gòu)建家庭、廠商和政府三部門行為方程組及市場均衡條件,分析了戰(zhàn)時財政貨幣政策與通貨膨脹的關(guān)系。在此基礎(chǔ)上,選取國統(tǒng)區(qū)7個省份和地區(qū)戰(zhàn)時的主要城市物價指數(shù)、在華美軍墊款額、國統(tǒng)區(qū)七個省份和地區(qū)歷年財政預(yù)算和其他變量,構(gòu)建戰(zhàn)時省際面板數(shù)據(jù)并采用動態(tài)面板GMM估計方法,檢驗國民政府戰(zhàn)時財政貨幣政策和美軍在華開支對戰(zhàn)時通貨膨脹的影響。本文發(fā)現(xiàn),美軍在華開支每增加10%,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)期物價指數(shù)升高7.8%,地方政府財政預(yù)算增加10%,會提高當(dāng)期物價水平約1%。駐華美軍軍事基地的修筑和美軍的軍事行動也會導(dǎo)致所在省份物價水平明顯上漲。本文認(rèn)為,國民政府執(zhí)行的飲鴆止渴式的擴張性財政政策和貨幣政策是通貨膨脹的原因,而回惠租借中墊付駐華美軍巨額的開支和美軍軍事基地的修建,則進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹的加劇。以往研究將戰(zhàn)時和戰(zhàn)后中國經(jīng)濟的崩潰歸因于國民政府反通貨膨脹政策的失敗以及連年巨大財政赤字,尤其龐大的軍事開支所致。本文量化了戰(zhàn)時財政政策和美軍墊款對中國通貨膨脹的作用,認(rèn)為中國對美軍巨額的回惠租借加劇了國統(tǒng)區(qū)通貨失控的局面,這一結(jié)論為戰(zhàn)時中國惡性通貨膨脹問題解釋做以補充。
[Abstract]:China's Anti Japanese war is an inseparable and important part of the world anti fascist war. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the United States formally formed a loan relationship with China through the "lease bill". According to the Sino US lease agreement, the United States conveyed the Chinese goods to China and put into the army and so on, while the Chinese side accepted the assistance to return to the rent. In the form of Reverse Lend-Lease, the U. S. troops who fought in China are provided with goods and services, so the renting relationship between China and the United States is a two-way aid relationship. During the war of resistance against Japan, the military input in China is of great significance to resist Japanese aggression and enhance the morale of Chinese soldiers. During the war, domestic demand could not strongly support China's positive anti Japanese war. In the past, the study of Sino US relations in the past wartime was mostly considered from the political and military perspectives, and believed that the US war assistance had played a great positive role in the victory of the war of resistance in China. But less attention was paid to the negative impact of the return on renting relations, especially the American aid to China's economic shadow. During the war of resistance against Japan, the inflation problem in the rear area was roughly divided into two stages. Before the outbreak of the Pearl Harbor incident in 1941, the price rise was relatively slow. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, China's inflation speeded up, which was not related to the return to leased lease. Historical data, go to various local archives to collect one hand archives, read the press of the Republic of China and the statistics of the Kuomintang government, and clarify the amount of money paid by the Chinese army in China in wartime and the problem of the US side's payment. During the war, the Chinese side made a total of 246 billion yuan for the United States, and the United States paid a total of 32 billion 700 million yuan for the total repayment of the money. The huge amounts of money for the 14%. troops stationed in China were not paid in time. The national government had no choice but to expand the currency issue to obtain the mint tax to make up the deficit and eventually lead to malignant inflation. This article quantified this article. On the basis of a series of literature historical data analysis, this paper reviews the impact of Hui leased on China's wartime economy on the basis of a series of literature historical data. Based on the Classical Macroeconomics model, the three sectors of the family, the manufacturer and the government are constructed and the market equilibrium conditions are set up, and the financial finance is analyzed. On the basis of the relationship between monetary policy and inflation, the paper selects the main city price index of 7 provinces and regions of the Kuomintang region and the financial budgets and other variables of the wartime army cushion, seven provinces and regions of the Kuomintang region, and constructs the wartime inter provincial panel data and uses the dynamic panel GMM estimation method to test the wartime of the national government. Financial and monetary policy and the impact of American spending on wartime inflation. This article found that US military expenditure in China increased by 10%, leading to a 7.8% increase in the current price index and 10% of the local government budget, which would increase the current price level about 1%. in China and the military operations of the US Army. This article holds that the expansionary fiscal policy and monetary policy implemented by the national government is the cause of inflation, while the huge expenditure and the construction of US military bases in China are further aggravated. The collapse of the economy is attributable to the failure of the national government's anti inflation policy and the huge fiscal deficit, especially the huge military expenditure. This paper quantifies the effect of wartime fiscal policy and the American army's cushion on China's inflation, and believes that the huge return on loan in China has aggravated the situation of uncontrolled currency in the Kuomintang region. On the wartime China's explanation of hyperinflation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:F822.9
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