本文選題：公司債權(quán)人利益保護(hù) + 法人人格否認(rèn)��； 參考：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2013年修訂的《公司法》將注冊資本實(shí)繳制改為認(rèn)繳制,標(biāo)志著我國資本信用已向資產(chǎn)信用轉(zhuǎn)化。此次改革體現(xiàn)了商法交易便捷的原則,卻忽略了交易安全原則。筆者通過閱讀大量資料并統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)后發(fā)現(xiàn):《公司法》修改后,公司設(shè)立程序簡便了,但債權(quán)人維權(quán)的途徑卻變少了。筆者認(rèn)為此次改革不應(yīng)忽略對債權(quán)人利益的保護(hù),以便達(dá)到進(jìn)一步維護(hù)交易安全的目的。股東有限責(zé)任是公司制度賴以生存的基石,《公司法》側(cè)重于保護(hù)股東權(quán)益,而將公司債權(quán)人的利益置于次要位置。本文即在此背景下,探索注冊資本認(rèn)繳制在實(shí)踐過程中對債權(quán)人利益的保護(hù)問題。本文第二章簡要介紹了注冊資本認(rèn)繳制實(shí)施的背景及內(nèi)容。注冊資本認(rèn)繳制是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)物,有助于激發(fā)市場活力。但同時(shí)也應(yīng)看到,該制度對債權(quán)人利益的保護(hù)仍然有所欠缺,債權(quán)人的利益長期得不到重視,市場穩(wěn)定將會難以維持。第三章主要對注冊資本認(rèn)繳制實(shí)施后,資本信用逐漸向資產(chǎn)信用轉(zhuǎn)化過程中存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析。第一,注冊資本制度改革后,很多債權(quán)人依舊只能依靠注冊資本衡量債務(wù)人的償債能力;第二,在廢除了注冊資本最低限額后,債權(quán)人依據(jù)法人人格否認(rèn)制度追究侵害其利益的股東個(gè)人責(zé)任更為困難;第三,注冊資本由實(shí)繳變?yōu)檎J(rèn)繳后,董事(會)對賴以保障債權(quán)人利益的公司資產(chǎn)的影響增強(qiáng),我國法律對違反信義義務(wù)導(dǎo)致公司資產(chǎn)流失、債權(quán)人利益受到損害的董事沒有明確的處罰規(guī)定,債權(quán)人缺乏維權(quán)路徑;第四,我國的信用體系建設(shè)仍在起步階段,無論從法律法規(guī)亦或從相關(guān)實(shí)踐來看,信用體系還存在著較大漏洞。第四章針對第三章提出的問題與域外相關(guān)制度進(jìn)行了比較分析,其中相對成熟的法人人格否認(rèn)制度、董事?lián)?zé)制度及信息公示制度值得我們借鑒。第五章筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)從市場主體、法律規(guī)范及制度建設(shè)等多個(gè)角度對公司債權(quán)人利益進(jìn)行保護(hù):應(yīng)加強(qiáng)市場主體對注冊資本制度的全面認(rèn)識;細(xì)化和完善司法實(shí)踐中適用法人人格否認(rèn)和董事信義義務(wù)規(guī)則保護(hù)債權(quán)人利益的相關(guān)規(guī)定;健全社會信用體系建設(shè);通過部門法間的配合聯(lián)動,進(jìn)一步保障債權(quán)人利益。
[Abstract]:The revised Company Law in 2013 changed the registered capital paid-in system to the subscription system, which indicates that the capital credit of our country has been transformed into the asset credit. This reform embodies the principle of convenient trade in commercial law, but neglects the principle of transaction security. After reading a lot of data and statistics, the author finds that after the amendment of the Company Law, the procedure of establishing the company is simple, but the ways of protecting the rights of creditors become fewer. The author believes that the reform should not ignore the protection of creditors' interests in order to further safeguard the transaction security. Limited liability of shareholders is the cornerstone of the company system. The Company Law focuses on protecting the rights and interests of shareholders and puts the interests of the creditors of the company in the secondary position. Under this background, this paper explores the protection of creditor's interests in the practice of registered capital subscription system. The second chapter briefly introduces the background and content of registered capital subscription system. The registered capital subscription system is the product of the market economy and helps to stimulate market vitality. But at the same time, we should also see that the system still lacks the protection of creditors' interests, the interests of creditors have not been attached importance to for a long time, and market stability will be difficult to maintain. The third chapter mainly analyzes the problems existing in the process of capital credit transforming into asset credit after the implementation of registered capital subscription system. First, after the reform of the registered capital system, many creditors still have to rely on registered capital to measure the debtor's solvency. Second, after the abolition of the minimum registered capital, It is more difficult for creditors to investigate the individual liability of shareholders who infringe on their interests according to the system of denial of legal personality. Thirdly, after the registered capital changes from paid-in to subscription, the influence of directors on the assets of the company on which the interests of creditors are protected is enhanced. Our law does not have a clear penalty for directors who violate fiduciary obligations and lead to the loss of company assets and damage the interests of creditors, and creditors lack a path to safeguarding their rights. Fourthly, the construction of our credit system is still in its infancy. No matter from the laws and regulations or from the relevant practice, there are still large loopholes in the credit system. The fourth chapter makes a comparative analysis of the problems raised in the third chapter and the extraterritorial related systems, in which the relatively mature legal personality denial system, directors' accountability system and information publicity system are worthy of our reference. In the fifth chapter, the author thinks that the interests of the creditors of the company should be protected from the aspects of market subject, legal norm and system construction: the comprehensive understanding of the registered capital system should be strengthened; Refine and improve the judicial practice applicable to the denial of legal personality and directors' fiduciary duty rules to protect the interests of creditors; improve the construction of social credit system; through the cooperation between departments to further protect the interests of creditors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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