本文選題：碳刷長度 + 集電環(huán)溫度��； 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)于汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)而言,碳刷和集電環(huán)是其勵(lì)磁環(huán)節(jié)的重要組成部分,其工作狀況直接關(guān)系到發(fā)電機(jī)的正常運(yùn)行。目前針對(duì)勵(lì)磁環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)測主要集中在勵(lì)磁電流方面,但統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示由碳刷原因造成的故障也占據(jù)一定比例。本文在充分分析現(xiàn)有相關(guān)技術(shù)和滿足發(fā)電廠安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種監(jiān)測碳刷長度和集電環(huán)溫度的方法,并設(shè)計(jì)具體的工程實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)具有勵(lì)磁電流大、碳刷數(shù)目多、干擾源較多等特點(diǎn),為能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)碳刷長度的監(jiān)測,首先,需要分析、計(jì)算勵(lì)磁碳刷周圍空間磁場的分布情況,判斷選定的霍爾傳感器能否在該環(huán)境中正常工作;其次,面對(duì)碳刷數(shù)目較多、傳統(tǒng)通信連接線數(shù)量較多的問題,選用AS-i總線技術(shù),達(dá)到減少通信線路、簡化系統(tǒng)硬件電路的目的;再次,進(jìn)行監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)通信模型的搭建,重點(diǎn)分析發(fā)送端和接收端的功能,并對(duì)搭建的模型進(jìn)行仿真運(yùn)行,將所得結(jié)果與理論結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,證明該設(shè)計(jì)能夠正常工作,具有可行性;最后,根據(jù)選定的系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案進(jìn)行監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)硬件電路的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì),主要設(shè)計(jì)了主站、長度從站和溫度從站等硬件電路,并對(duì)重要元件的作用進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明,對(duì)一些元件參數(shù)值的選取給出計(jì)算、分析過程,同時(shí)為拓展系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍,使得系統(tǒng)能夠連接輸出為模擬量的傳感器,在溫度從站中增加AD轉(zhuǎn)換模塊。在完成硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)后,進(jìn)行監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)各部分程序的編寫,采用自頂向下的設(shè)計(jì)理念,詳細(xì)說明各個(gè)模塊的程序流程圖,并進(jìn)行仿真以驗(yàn)證程序的正確性。最后,根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的硬件電路原理圖進(jìn)行實(shí)物制作,通過增添必要的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的搭建,并以實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)為基礎(chǔ)測試監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)功能。本文設(shè)計(jì)的汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)碳刷長度及集電環(huán)溫度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),經(jīng)過理論分析、器件選型、硬件電路制作和程序編寫運(yùn)行等流程,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測發(fā)電機(jī)碳刷長度狀態(tài)和集電環(huán)溫度值。
[Abstract]:For turbogenerator, carbon brush and collector ring are the important part of excitation link, and its working condition is directly related to the normal operation of generator. At present, the monitoring of excitation is mainly focused on the excitation current, but the statistics show that the fault caused by the carbon brush also occupies a certain proportion. On the basis of fully analyzing the existing relevant technologies and satisfying the safety and economic production of power plants, this paper puts forward a method to monitor the length of carbon brush and the temperature of collector ring, and designs a concrete project implementation scheme. Large turbogenerator has the characteristics of large excitation current, large number of carbon brushes and many interference sources. In order to realize the monitoring of carbon brush length smoothly, first of all, it is necessary to analyze and calculate the distribution of magnetic field around the excitation carbon brush. To determine whether the selected Hall sensor can work normally in this environment. Secondly, in the face of the problem of large number of carbon brushes and a large number of traditional communication connectors, AS-i bus technology is used to reduce the communication lines. The purpose of simplifying the hardware circuit of the system; thirdly, the communication model of the monitoring system is built, the functions of the transmitter and receiver are analyzed, the simulation of the model is carried out, and the results are compared with the theoretical results. It is proved that the design can work normally and is feasible. Finally, according to the selected system technical scheme, the hardware circuit of the monitoring system is designed in detail, such as the master station, the length slave station and the temperature slave station. The function of the important components is explained in detail, and the calculation and analysis of the selection of some component parameters are given. At the same time, in order to expand the scope of application of the system, the system can connect the sensor with analog output. Add AD conversion module to the temperature slave station. After the hardware circuit design is completed, the program of each part of the monitoring system is compiled, the program flow chart of each module is explained in detail by adopting the top-down design concept, and the correctness of the program is verified by simulation. Finally, according to the schematic diagram of the hardware circuit, the hardware circuit is designed to build the experimental platform by adding the necessary experimental equipment, and the functions of the monitoring system are tested on the basis of the experimental platform. The length of carbon brush and temperature monitoring system of collector ring are designed in this paper. After theoretical analysis, device selection, hardware circuit manufacture and program operation, the design goal is basically realized. It can monitor generator carbon brush length and collector ring temperature in real time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM311

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本文編號(hào)：1942000