本文選題：農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu) + 農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：20世紀90年代以來,伴隨著中國經(jīng)濟市場化改革與工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化進程的加快,大量農(nóng)村富余勞動力開始向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)流動,農(nóng)民從事非農(nóng)經(jīng)營活動收入和外出務(wù)工取得的工資性收入逐漸增加,農(nóng)民收入對土地的依賴程度呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,這不僅有利于土地流轉(zhuǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移,而且有利于城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化。近年來,吉林省農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入在農(nóng)民收入中的比重小,非農(nóng)收入的總量和比例均有待提高。如何為農(nóng)民非農(nóng)經(jīng)營活動和外出務(wù)工提供更多的機會,進而增加農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入是吉林省農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收的核心,也是縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的關(guān)鍵。本論文以吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究的主題,共分為八章。其中:第一、二章為論文的理論分析部分,提出本論文的研究背景及研究意義、研究目的、研究方法、相關(guān)概念界定、理論基礎(chǔ)和國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀等內(nèi)容;第三、四、五、六、七章為實證分析部分,第三章分析了吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀;第四、五章分別從宏觀和微觀視角利用時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和截面數(shù)據(jù)分析了吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)的影響因素;第六章分別從糧食生產(chǎn)、非農(nóng)就業(yè)、居民消費和經(jīng)濟增長等方面分析了吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)的變動效應(yīng);第七章對吉林省現(xiàn)行農(nóng)民收入支持政策給予評價,提出了政策改革方向;第八章為對前面研究的總結(jié)并提出相關(guān)對策建議。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)吉林省農(nóng)民收入不論是增量還是增速,都經(jīng)歷了從低速增長向快速增長轉(zhuǎn)變的過程,而且吉林省農(nóng)民收入的非農(nóng)化特征逐漸表現(xiàn)出來。但在吉林省農(nóng)民收入的構(gòu)成中,仍以家庭經(jīng)營性收入為主,家庭經(jīng)營性收入中第一產(chǎn)業(yè)占有絕大比重,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),種植業(yè)一枝獨秀,特別是玉米種植業(yè)收入占比較大。從收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動來看,農(nóng)民家庭經(jīng)營性收入有下降趨勢,但是下降幅度并不明顯,農(nóng)民工資性收入逐年增加,所占比重雖然有上升趨勢,但是上升的幅度不大,工資性收入對農(nóng)民收入增長的提升作用不明顯。吉林省農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)性收入增長的幅度不大,占農(nóng)民收入的比重一直較低,并且近年來呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢。隨著國家支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)力度不斷加大,吉林省農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)移性收入逐年增加,所占比重緩慢上升。(2)基于宏觀視角利用時間序列數(shù)據(jù)實證研究結(jié)果表明:吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)與“城鎮(zhèn)化經(jīng)濟水平”、“非農(nóng)資本活躍度”、“二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展力”正相關(guān)。這與經(jīng)驗分析相吻合,城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展可較好地推動農(nóng)民到城鎮(zhèn)和二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè),農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)也得到了相應(yīng)的變化。農(nóng)村勞動力教育水平的提高有利于農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè),推動農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動。第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢和速度,也就是其發(fā)展力,與農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動有著密切聯(lián)系。政府對農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投資越大,越有利于促進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,進而促使農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和經(jīng)營環(huán)境整體優(yōu)化,資源配置更高效,這樣會促進從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動的農(nóng)民農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營性收入增加,導致農(nóng)民對家庭非農(nóng)經(jīng)營性收入和外出務(wù)工獲得工資性收入等非農(nóng)收入的獲取動機減弱。(3)基于微觀視角利用截面數(shù)據(jù)實證研究結(jié)果可以看出:在外部環(huán)境一定情況下,農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入會受到農(nóng)民自身因素、居住地因素、家庭因素的影響。從農(nóng)民自身因素來看,男性農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入略高于女性;青壯年農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入高于中老年;文化水平高的農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入更高;未婚農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入大于已婚農(nóng)民。從居住地因素來看,離縣城距離近以及居住區(qū)附近有非農(nóng)企業(yè),農(nóng)民會獲得十分有利的增加非農(nóng)收入的機會。從家庭因素來看,家庭耕種土地越多,非農(nóng)收入比重越小,而家務(wù)負擔比較小的農(nóng)民則因為其有良好的家庭后盾支撐,會勇于嘗試非農(nóng)方面就業(yè),非農(nóng)收入比重大。(4)對不同類型農(nóng)民的土地利用效率的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),一定非農(nóng)收入有利于農(nóng)戶土地利用效率的提高,但是當農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入所占比重超過一定水平時,例如,非農(nóng)收入超過50%時,農(nóng)民土地利用的效率會出現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,由此可以推論,農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動會給糧食生產(chǎn)帶來一定的影響。(5)吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)和農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)的變化趨勢相同,從實證結(jié)果來看,吉林省農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)對農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動的沖擊作用要大于吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動對吉林省農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)的沖擊作用。吉林省由于農(nóng)民人均耕地資源較豐富,農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入的增加并不能夠讓農(nóng)民放棄農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營。而且,隨著國家支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)力度的加大,農(nóng)業(yè)各種補貼也使得農(nóng)民經(jīng)營農(nóng)業(yè)的積極性增強,導致農(nóng)民放棄農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營轉(zhuǎn)向其他職業(yè)的機會成本變大,農(nóng)民并不愿意放棄農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營去轉(zhuǎn)變職業(yè)角色。另外,近年來吉林省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)經(jīng)營出現(xiàn)了衰退的現(xiàn)象,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)非農(nóng)經(jīng)濟的不景氣也讓想放棄農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營的農(nóng)民失去了安全感,農(nóng)民對職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換的意圖更加淡漠。(6)在收入結(jié)構(gòu)對消費支出結(jié)構(gòu)的影響方面,家庭經(jīng)營性收入和工資性收入仍然是影響農(nóng)民基本消費支出的最主要收入來源,轉(zhuǎn)移性收入對農(nóng)民非基本生活消費支出的正向影響較大,尤其是對農(nóng)民文化教育方面消費支出的影響處于四個收入來源之首。工資性收入和轉(zhuǎn)移性收入對農(nóng)民醫(yī)療消費支出的正向影響較大,工資性收入對農(nóng)民交通通訊消費支出的正向影響最大。(7)實證結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入的變化與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間存在著長期密切的關(guān)系。地區(qū)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展能夠為農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)提供更多的機會,同時地區(qū)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也為農(nóng)民務(wù)工收入的增長提供保障。農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入的變化對地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響也呈現(xiàn)正向影響,但是影響的幅度并不大,說明農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的關(guān)系,更多的表現(xiàn)為地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對農(nóng)民非農(nóng)收入的影響。(8)現(xiàn)行農(nóng)民收入支持政策對于促進吉林省農(nóng)民增收取得了一定成效,但糧食支持政策、土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策、區(qū)域發(fā)展政策和新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體培育政策仍有完善的空間,壟斷式的收儲政策制約了市場功能的正常發(fā)揮,臨儲價格的實施也使得大量的生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)、濕地保護區(qū)變成了玉米種植區(qū),破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境,也造成了下游產(chǎn)業(yè)的高成本效應(yīng)。未來,糧食價格保護政策的改革需要實施目標價格制度,推動玉米后續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。糧食補貼政策實施以來,極大地調(diào)動了農(nóng)民種糧積極性,穩(wěn)定了糧食產(chǎn)量,確保了國家的糧食安全。但是實施普惠式補貼,難以激勵種糧大戶和種糧專業(yè)戶。同時,補貼力度不足,偏重社會效益,忽視生態(tài)效益。未來應(yīng)實施差異化糧食補貼政策,向?qū)I(yè)種糧農(nóng)民傾斜,促進土地流轉(zhuǎn),強化生態(tài)環(huán)境意識,重視農(nóng)業(yè)保險補貼,降低農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害與市場風險。同時,中央政府應(yīng)該加大對吉林省區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的支持力度,積極培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,推動農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進程。與己有的研究相比,本研究主要在以下幾個方面進行了新探索和嘗試:(1)在研究內(nèi)容方面,本研究從農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)這個新的視角分析吉林省農(nóng)民增收,通過時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和截面數(shù)據(jù)分析農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動的影響因素,挖掘農(nóng)民收入的潛在增長點,是對已有研究的有益補充。(2)在分析方法方面,運用多種計量經(jīng)濟學的分析方法,從農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)切入,對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)化、人力資本等與農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動密切相關(guān)的因素進行計量分析,對農(nóng)民個體、家庭和社區(qū)對農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動的影響采用累積Logistic回歸分析方法,彌補了以往研究偏重定性描述性分析的不足,使研究更加科學合理。(3)本文通過研究糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)、老工業(yè)基地這樣一個背景下吉林省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)問題,對現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)民收入支持政策給予評價,提出吉林省農(nóng)民增收需要中央政府對吉林省區(qū)域發(fā)展給予政策支持。同時,應(yīng)該改革玉米臨儲價格政策,推動玉米后續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。實施差異化糧食補貼政策,促進土地流轉(zhuǎn),培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,這對吉林省農(nóng)民增收更加具有指導意義。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, with the reform and industrialization of China's economic marketization and industrialization and the accelerated process of urbanization, a large number of rural surplus labor force began to flow to non-agricultural industries, and the wage income of farmers engaged in non-agricultural business activities and migrant workers increased gradually, and the dependence of farmers' income on land showed a declining trend. This is not only conducive to the transfer of land and agricultural labor to cities and towns, but also to the overall development of urban and rural areas, and to realize the integration of urban and rural areas. In recent years, the proportion of farmers' non agricultural income in the income of farmers in Jilin province is small, the total amount and proportion of non-agricultural income are still to be improved. Opportunity, and then increase farmers' non agricultural income is the core of the continuous increase of farmers' income in Jilin province. It is also the key to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first, second chapter is the theoretical analysis part of the paper, and the research background and research significance of this paper are put forward, and the research significance of this paper is put forward. Objective, research methods, definition of related concepts, theoretical basis and current research status at home and abroad; third, fourth, five, six, seven are empirical analysis parts, and the third chapter analyses the status of farmers' income structure in Jilin province. The fourth, fifth chapter analyses farmers' income in Jilin province using time series data and cross section data from macro and micro perspectives. The sixth chapter analyzes the change effect of the farmers' income structure in Jilin province from the aspects of grain production, non-agricultural employment, residents' consumption and economic growth. The seventh chapter gives the evaluation of the current policy of farmers' income support in Jilin Province, and puts forward the direction of policy reform; the eighth chapter is the summary of the previous research and the relevant suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) farmers' income in Jilin province has experienced the process of changing from low speed growth to rapid growth, and the non agricultural characteristics of farmers' income in Jilin province are gradually displayed. But in the composition of farmers' income in Jilin Province, it is still based on family management income and family management. The first industry has a large proportion of the first industry, the internal structure of the first industry, the planting industry alone, especially the corn planting income account for a relatively large income. From the change of income structure, the income of farmers' families has a downward trend, but the decline is not obvious, the wage income of farmers is increasing year by year, although the proportion of the income is rising. However, the increase of farmers' income growth is not obvious. The income growth of farmers in Jilin is not significant. The proportion of farmers' income is low, and the proportion of farmers' income has been lower in recent years, and the trend of declining in recent years. With the continuous increase of the national support for agricultural benefits, the transfer income of farmers in Jilin province is year by year. Increase, the proportion of the proportion increases slowly. (2) the results of the empirical study based on the macro perspective use time series data show that the farmers' income structure in Jilin province is positively related to "urbanization economic level", "non agricultural capital activity", "two, three industrial development power". This is in accordance with the empirical analysis, and the urbanization development can promote the farmers to the city better. The employment of the town, the two and the three industries and the income structure of the peasants have also been changed accordingly. The improvement of the education level of the rural labor force is beneficial to the farmers' non agricultural employment and the change of the farmers' income structure. The development trend and speed of the second, third industry, which is its development power, is closely related to the change of farmers' income in the structure. The greater the investment in infrastructure construction, the more conducive to the development of agricultural modernization, and the overall optimization of the scale and environment of the agricultural production and the more efficient allocation of resources. This will promote the increase in agricultural operating income of farmers engaged in agricultural production activities, and lead to the farmers' wages and income from the non farm operating income and migrant workers. The motivation of income and other non agricultural income has been weakened. (3) the results of the empirical study based on the cross-sectional data from the micro perspective can see that the farmers' non-agricultural income will be affected by the farmers' own factors, residence and family factors under the circumstances of the external environment. The non-agricultural income of the peasant farmers is higher than that of the middle-aged and the elderly; the farmers with high cultural level are higher in non agricultural income; the non-agricultural income of the unmarried farmers is greater than that of the married peasants. From the place of residence, the farmers will get a very favorable opportunity to increase the non agricultural income near the county town and near the residential area. The more land, the smaller the proportion of non-agricultural income, and the small household burden of farmers, because of their good family backing support, will be brave to try non-agricultural employment, non-agricultural income ratio is significant. (4) research on the land use efficiency of different types of farmers found that non agricultural income is beneficial to the improvement of farmers' land use efficiency. When the proportion of farmers' non-agricultural income is more than a certain level, for example, the non agricultural income exceeds 50%, the efficiency of farmers' land use will decline. Therefore, it can be deduced that the change of farmers' income structure will bring a certain influence on the grain production. (5) the change trend of farmers' income structure and farmers' non-agricultural employment in Jilin province is the same, The empirical results show that the impact of non-agricultural employment of farmers in Jilin Province on the change of farmers' income structure is greater than the impact of farmers' income structure changes in Jilin Province on non-agricultural employment of farmers in Jilin province. Because of the rich per capita cultivated land resources in Jilin Province, the increase of farmers' non-agricultural income can not allow farmers to give up agricultural operation. With the increase of the strength of the state supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, all kinds of agricultural subsidies also make the farmers' enthusiasm for farming. The opportunity cost of farmers' abandonment of agricultural management to other professions has become bigger and the farmers are not willing to give up agricultural management to change their professional roles. In addition, in recent years, the operation of township enterprises in Jilin province has been declining. The recession of rural non-agricultural economy also makes the farmers who want to give up agricultural management lose their sense of security, and the peasants' intention to change jobs is more indifferent. (6) in terms of the impact of income structure on the structure of consumption expenditure, family operating income and wage income are still the main sources of income that affect farmers' basic consumption expenditure. The positive impact on Farmers' non basic consumption expenditure is greater, especially the influence on the consumption expenditure of farmers' culture and education is at the top of the four income sources. The positive impact of wage income and transfer income on Farmers' medical consumption expenditure is greater, and the positive impact of wage income on the farmers' traffic and communication consumption expenditure is the most. (7) the empirical results show that there is a long and close relationship between the farmers' non-agricultural income changes and regional economic development. The development of regional economy can provide more opportunities for farmers' non agricultural employment. Meanwhile, the development of regional economy also provides guarantee for the increase of farmers' income. The impact of the exhibition also has a positive impact, but the extent of the impact is not significant. It shows that the relationship between farmers' non-agricultural income and regional economic development is more manifested by the influence of regional economic development on Farmers' non-agricultural income. (8) the current policy of supporting farmers' income has achieved certain results in promoting the increase of farmers' income in Jilin Province, but the policy of grain support, The policy of land transfer, the policy of regional development and the cultivation policy of new agricultural management subject still have perfect space, the monopolized storage and storage policy restricts the normal play of the market function. The implementation of the storage price also makes a large number of ecological fragile areas. The wetland protection area has become a corn planting area, which has destroyed the ecological environment and caused the downstream production. In the future, the reform of the grain price protection policy needs to implement the target price system and promote the development of the follow-up industry of corn. Since the implementation of the grain subsidy policy, it has greatly mobilized the farmers' enthusiasm for grain, stabilized the grain output and ensured the food safety of the country. However, the implementation of the preferential subsidy is difficult to encourage the big grain crops. At the same time, subsidies are insufficient, social benefits are stressed, and ecological benefits are overlooked. In the future, differential grain subsidy policy should be implemented to improve the land circulation, strengthen the ecological environment awareness, pay attention to the agricultural insurance subsidy and reduce the agricultural disaster and market risk. The support of regional economic development in forestry Province, actively cultivating new agricultural operation subject and promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Compared with some research, this research has carried out new explorations and attempts in the following aspects: (1) in the research content, this study analyzes farmers' income increase in Jilin province from the new perspective of farmers' entry structure. Over time series data and cross section data analysis the influence factors of farmers' income structure changes and excavate the potential growth points of farmers' income. (2) in the analysis of methods, the analysis method of various econometrics, from the income structure of farmers, to economic development, urbanization, human capital and other farmers The factors which are closely related to the change of income structure are measured and analyzed. The cumulative Logistic regression analysis method is adopted to the influence of farmers' individual, family and community on the change of farmers' income structure. It makes up for the shortcomings of the previous research which emphasizes qualitative descriptive analysis and makes the research more scientific. (3) this paper studies the main grain production area and the old industrial base. Under such a background, the farmers' income structure in Jilin Province, appraised the current policy of farmers' income support. It is suggested that the increase of farmers' income in Jilin province needs the central government to give policy support to the regional development of Jilin province. At the same time, we should reform the price policy of corn, promote the development of the maize follow up industry and implement the differential grain subsidy. Policies, promoting land circulation and cultivating new type of agricultural management entities are of guiding significance for increasing farmers' income in Jilin.

【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.8
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本文編號：1820194