發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-08 15:13

  本文選題：滑坡　切入點(diǎn)：流域單元　出處：《福建師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,頻發(fā)的滑坡事件給人們的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來了極大的威脅,嚴(yán)重制約了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。福建省作為我國滑坡發(fā)生的重災(zāi)區(qū)之一,研究其滑坡空間分布規(guī)律及其易發(fā)性情況對(duì)于滑坡的防治具有重要意義。本文在基于野外調(diào)查和已有福建省滑坡研究案例的基礎(chǔ)上,歸納總結(jié)了福建省滑坡的成因；接著選取了11個(gè)環(huán)境因子,運(yùn)用頻率和密度統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,從定量角度分析了滑坡與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系；最后,提出了用滑坡環(huán)境因子基尼系數(shù)計(jì)算評(píng)價(jià)因子對(duì)滑坡貢獻(xiàn)權(quán)重的方法,構(gòu)建了流域單元的滑坡敏感性識(shí)別模型,對(duì)福建省7492個(gè)子流域的滑坡敏感性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估,主要得到以下結(jié)論：(].)基于野外調(diào)研結(jié)果和已有的福建省滑坡研究案例,總結(jié)了福建省滑坡成因。滑坡作為福建省最嚴(yán)重的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害之一,受區(qū)域人類活動(dòng)、降雨情況、地形地貌、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、植被等綜合作用。就其誘因來講,主要是人類活動(dòng),如削坡建房、陡坡開墾、大型工程建設(shè)、礦山開采等破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性,在降雨作用下誘發(fā)滑坡的發(fā)生。(2)在總結(jié)福建省滑坡成因的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇高程、坡度、地形起伏度、坡向、地形曲率、平均年降雨量、植被覆蓋度、地形濕度指數(shù)(Topographic Wetness Index,TWI)、水流強(qiáng)度指數(shù)(Stream Power Index, SPI)、土地利用、土壤類型11個(gè)環(huán)境因子,基于福建省5166個(gè)滑坡樣本點(diǎn),統(tǒng)計(jì)了上述各因子區(qū)間上滑坡發(fā)生的頻率和密度。從滑坡與單因子的關(guān)系來看：福建省滑坡多發(fā)生在1500-1800mm降水帶內(nèi)；植被覆蓋度在50～80%時(shí)為滑坡高易發(fā)區(qū)：在100-800m高程區(qū)間帶上滑坡發(fā)生的可能性最大；坡度在10～25°之間為滑坡易發(fā)區(qū),尤其坡度在15°左右時(shí),滑坡密度最大；起伏度在100-200m之間為滑坡易發(fā)區(qū),即滑坡多發(fā)生在丘陵地帶；從坡向來看,滑坡主要分布在南向和西南向坡地上,北向和西北向坡地則分布較少:從滑坡分布的坡型來看,在凹型和凸型坡上都有分布,但凸型坡上分布密度高于凹型坡；滑坡多集中于紅壤與水稻土；耕地中最易發(fā)生滑坡,其次是建設(shè)用地和園地。從滑坡與復(fù)合地形因子關(guān)系來看：在高程0-100m區(qū)間上,坡度大于10°時(shí)滑坡發(fā)生的敏感性高于10°以下；在100-800m高程區(qū)間,坡度在0-20°區(qū)域比20°以上,滑坡更為易發(fā)；在800m以上高程區(qū)間,0-25°坡度范圍滑坡比較集中；福建省滑坡多發(fā)于丘陵地帶,在中起伏山地不易發(fā)；同時(shí)從滑坡與復(fù)合地形因子的關(guān)系可以間接推導(dǎo)出人類活動(dòng)是福建省滑坡的誘因之一。(3)基于福建省30m分辨率的ASTER GDEM數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用ArcGIS中的水文分析模型,通過提取河網(wǎng)水系,進(jìn)行水系分級(jí),對(duì)福建省2級(jí)水系所對(duì)應(yīng)的流域進(jìn)行劃分,經(jīng)制圖綜合,得到7492個(gè)福建省子流域單元。結(jié)合滑坡與環(huán)境因子的定量統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,選取高程、坡度、起伏度、平均年降雨量、TWI、植被覆蓋度、土地利用和土壤類型8個(gè)環(huán)境因子,基于上述因子各子區(qū)間上的滑坡密度與區(qū)域滑坡平均密度之比,計(jì)算得到滑坡在因子各子區(qū)間上的易發(fā)性值；同時(shí),提出了用滑坡環(huán)境因子基尼系數(shù)計(jì)算評(píng)價(jià)因子對(duì)滑坡貢獻(xiàn)權(quán)重的方法,構(gòu)建了流域單元滑坡敏感性評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)福建省7492個(gè)子流域單元的滑坡敏感性進(jìn)行定量識(shí)別,結(jié)果精度達(dá)到75%。本方法可以為大區(qū)域的滑坡敏感性評(píng)價(jià)提供參考,同時(shí)研究得到的福建省流域單元滑坡敏感性等級(jí)圖可以為相關(guān)部門的滑坡防范、土地利用規(guī)劃等提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:In recent years, landslide incidents poses a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property, seriously restricts the development of society and economy. Fujian province is one of China's landslide disaster area, study the landslide spatial distribution and susceptibility for landslide prevention has important significance. Based on the field Fujian Province Survey and the existing landslide case studies, summarized the causes of landslides in Fujian province; then we select 11 environmental factors, using the frequency and density of statistical methods, quantitative analysis of the relationship between landslides and environmental factors; finally, proposes a method of evaluating factors of landslide contribution weight calculation of landslide environment the Gene factor coefficient, construct the landslide susceptibility recognition model of watershed unit, 7492 sub basin of landslide susceptibility in Fujian province was evaluated, the main conclusions as follows : (.) study on landslide cases in Fujian province and based on the results of field investigation, summed up Fujian province. One of the causes of landslide Landslide Geological Disasters in Fujian Province as the most serious, regional human activities, rainfall, topography, geological structure, the effect of vegetation. Their causes, mainly human activities. Such as cut slopebuildings, steep slope reclamation, large-scale construction, mining and other damage to the ecological environment stability under rainfall induced landslides occurred. (2) in Fujian province were summarized on the basis of the cause of landslide, elevation, slope, terrain, slope, terrain curvature, mean annual rainfall, vegetation cover the degree of Topographic Wetness Index (Topographic, Wetness, Index, TWI) (Stream Power Index flow intensity index, SPI), land use, soil type 11 environmental factors, samples of 5166 landslides in Fujian Province Based on statistics, the area of each factor Between landslide frequency and density occurred. From the relationship between landslide and the single factor of Fujian Province: the landslide occurred in the 1500-1800mm precipitation zone; vegetation coverage in 50 ~ 80% for landslide prone areas: most likely on the 100-800m elevation with landslide occurrence interval; slope at 10~25 degrees between the landslide easily in particular, the slope at about 15 degrees, the maximum density fluctuation in the landslide; between 100-200m landslide prone areas, namely the landslide occurred in the hilly areas; from the aspect of view, the landslide is mainly distributed in the South and southwest slope, to the north and northwest slope is less distributed from slope landslide the distribution, are distributed in the concave and convex slope, but convex slope distribution density is higher than that of the concave slope; landslide are more concentrated in the red soil and paddy soil; the most prone to landslides in farmland, followed by land and garden construction from landslide and complex. Close relationship: the terrain factor on the elevation of 0-100m interval, slope greater than 10 degrees when the landslide sensitivity is higher than that of less than 10 degrees; in 100-800m elevation range, slope area than at 0-20 degrees 20 degrees, more prone to landslide; elevation above 800m interval, 0-25 degree slope landslide concentrated; landslide in Fujian province mainly in the hilly area in mountainous region is not easily; at the same time from the relationship between landslide and composite terrain factor can indirectly derived from human activity is one of the causes of landslides in Fujian province. (3) ASTER GDEM 30m resolution data of Fujian Province Based on the analytical model of hydrological transport in ArcGIS, through the extraction of river network. Water basin classification, corresponding to the 2 level system of Fujian province are divided by comprehensive mapping, 7492 Fujian sub basin unit. Combining quantitative and statistical results of landslide and environmental factors, selection of high slope process, The ups and downs of average annual rainfall, TWI, vegetation coverage, land use and soil type 8 environmental factors, landslide density and area of the factor of each sub interval on the average density of landslide based on the ratio calculated in each sub interval factor of landslide susceptibility value; at the same time, a method is proposed to evaluate the factor of the weight calculated by landslide Landslide with environmental factors of the Gene coefficient, constructed watershed unit landslide susceptibility evaluation model for quantitative identification of landslide susceptibility of 7492 sub units of the basin in Fujian Province, the accuracy of this method can reach 75%. that regional landslide susceptibility assessment to provide a reference, the basin of Fujian, the research unit at the same time the landslide susceptibility rating map you can prevent landslide for the relevant departments, to provide reference for land use planning.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 Kyeong-Su KIM;Young-Suk SONG;;Geometrical and Geotechnical Characteristics of Landslides in Korea under Various Geological Conditions[J];Journal of Mountain Science;2015年05期

2 黃國平;葉龍珍;柳侃;黃瑛瑛;;福州永泰旗山滑坡特征及其成因機(jī)理[J];地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與環(huán)境保護(hù);2015年02期

3 王姣;萬軍偉;左帥;周勇;童曉榮;黃琨;;福建省建甌市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育特征及形成機(jī)制[J];水土保持通報(bào);2015年03期

4 張品;申重陽;楊光亮;張曉彤;陳釗;;ASTER GDEM垂直精度評(píng)價(jià)及其在重力地形改正中的適用性[J];大地測量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2015年02期

5 史文兵;黃潤秋;左雙英;梁風(fēng);;貴州省貴定縣定東小學(xué)滑坡形成機(jī)制[J];水土保持通報(bào);2015年01期

6 黃國平;柳侃;葉龍珍;;地質(zhì)構(gòu)造對(duì)三明市羊口仔后山滑坡的控制研究[J];地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與環(huán)境保護(hù);2014年03期

7 王曉亮;李光范;胡偉;吳小鋒;張英;;淺析吊羅山滑坡誘發(fā)因素及影響機(jī)理[J];自然災(zāi)害學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

8 崔鵬;;中國山地災(zāi)害研究進(jìn)展與未來應(yīng)關(guān)注的科學(xué)問題[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2014年02期

9 霍強(qiáng);;安溪縣湖頭鎮(zhèn)福井埔湖上安置區(qū)滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害成因及穩(wěn)定性分析[J];能源與環(huán)境;2013年05期

10 郭果;陳筠;李明惠;黨杰;;土質(zhì)滑坡發(fā)育概率與坡度間關(guān)系研究[J];工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1722157