本文選題：村民自治　切入點：問題　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：村民自治作為我國一項特色社會主義農(nóng)村基層民主制度,它符合中國國情,通過幾十年的豐富實踐,有力地促進(jìn)了廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治以及文化事業(yè)的發(fā)展,充分保障了廣大農(nóng)民行使當(dāng)家做主的權(quán)力和享有各項民主權(quán)利。然而,隨著實踐的不斷深入,在村民自治過程中存在著包括村民選舉積極性不足、“村官自治”、選舉功利化等諸多問題,這些問題對未來新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的深入發(fā)展都是極大的阻礙,亟待進(jìn)-步完善和改進(jìn)。解決當(dāng)前村民自治過程中出現(xiàn)的問題及困境,對于廣大農(nóng)村乃至整個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展意義重大。本文在研究過程中,特選擇以煙臺市部分農(nóng)村地區(qū)為調(diào)查對象,通過對該市轄區(qū)內(nèi)的諸多村莊展開問卷調(diào)查和人物訪談,詳細(xì)了解當(dāng)?shù)卮迕褡灾芜\行的現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上尋找當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村地區(qū)村民自治運行中存在的問題,試圖探究原因并提出可操作性強的改善策略。從論文整體框架來看,共分為以下六大部分：第一部分,交代選題背景,分析村民自治相關(guān)理論的研究現(xiàn)狀,說明本文的研究方法及創(chuàng)新點與難點。第二部分,相關(guān)概念解析,著重從村民自治的含義、特征、內(nèi)容、意義四個方面進(jìn)行闡述。第三部分,我國村民自治的發(fā)展歷程及成就。分別對村民自治的萌芽階段、摸索階段、試運行階段、正式確立階段四個階段進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述和分析。第四部分,煙臺市村民自治發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的具體問題。為了確保研究內(nèi)容真實、有效,筆者選擇以問卷調(diào)查為數(shù)據(jù)收集方式,將該市轄區(qū)內(nèi)20個村子作為調(diào)查地點,向村民發(fā)放有效調(diào)查問卷1500張,在統(tǒng)計、分析調(diào)查所得數(shù)據(jù)后,結(jié)合人物訪談記錄結(jié)果,分析當(dāng)前煙臺市村民自治發(fā)展的真實現(xiàn)狀,并總結(jié)目前存在的具體問題。目前,煙臺市村民自治的具體問題主要有：部分農(nóng)村存在政治冷漠、選舉存在功利化現(xiàn)象、“兩種關(guān)系”沒有理順、民主決策淪為擺設(shè)、民主監(jiān)督有待于真正落實到位。第五部分,分析問題產(chǎn)生的具體原因。通過調(diào)查取證以及相關(guān)資料查證發(fā)現(xiàn),引發(fā)上述問題的主要原因表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面,包括村民自治的相關(guān)法律不夠完善、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度不佳、農(nóng)村政治文化基礎(chǔ)薄弱及村民自治制度亟需完善等方面。第六部分,提出完善村民自治的相關(guān)對策。以煙臺市村民自治問題、原因為出發(fā)點,綜合筆者對村民自治的綜合研究,試圖找出可操作性強的解決對策,以期能夠為村民自治制度建設(shè)及體制完善提供理論性、實踐性參考。通過本次研究,筆者認(rèn)為,面對村民自治制度目前存在的諸多問題,應(yīng)從加強村民自治制度法制建設(shè)、發(fā)展農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)、提高村民政治文化水平、完善村民自治制度及限制農(nóng)村宗族勢力這五個方面尋求改善的良策。
[Abstract]:As a characteristic socialist rural grass-roots democratic system in China, villagers' autonomy conforms to China's national conditions. Through decades of rich practice, villagers' autonomy has promoted the development of economic, political and cultural undertakings in the vast rural areas. It has fully guaranteed the broad masses of peasants the exercise of the power of ownership and the enjoyment of various democratic rights. However, with the deepening of practice, In the process of villager autonomy, there are many problems, such as lack of enthusiasm of villagers' election, "village official autonomy", election utilitarianism and so on. These problems will greatly hinder the further development of new rural construction in the future. It is of great significance for the economic and social development of the vast rural areas and even the whole country to solve the problems and difficulties in the process of villagers' autonomy. Taking some rural areas of Yantai City as the object of investigation, through the questionnaire survey and personage interviews in many villages in the city's jurisdiction, we have a detailed understanding of the current situation of the local villagers' autonomy operation. On the basis of this, this paper tries to find out the problems existing in the operation of villagers' autonomy in the local rural areas, and tries to explore the reasons and put forward some operable improvement strategies. From the overall framework of the paper, it is divided into six parts: the first part, Explain the background of the topic, analyze the current research situation of the relevant theories of villager autonomy, explain the research method, innovation and difficulty of this paper. The second part, the related concept analysis, focus on the meaning, characteristics, content of villager autonomy, The third part, the development course and achievement of villager autonomy in our country. The four stages of formal establishment are described and analyzed in detail. Part 4th, the present situation of the development of villager autonomy in Yantai and the existing concrete problems. In order to ensure the content of the research is true and effective, the author chooses questionnaire as the data collection method. Taking 20 villages in the city's jurisdiction as investigation sites, 1500 effective questionnaires were distributed to villagers. After statistics and analysis of the data obtained from the investigation, combined with the results of interviews with people, the real situation of the development of villagers' autonomy in Yantai was analyzed. At present, the specific problems of villager autonomy in Yantai City are as follows: political apathy exists in some rural areas, utilitarian phenomenon exists in election, "two kinds of relations" are not straightened out, democratic decision-making degenerates into furnishings. Democratic supervision has yet to be truly implemented. Part 5th, analyzes the specific causes of the problems. Through investigation, evidence collection and relevant information, it is found that the main causes of the above problems are manifested in the following aspects. Including the imperfect laws related to villagers' autonomy, the poor speed of the development of rural collective economy, the weak political and cultural foundation in rural areas and the urgent need to improve the system of villager autonomy. Part 6th, Based on the problems and reasons of villagers' autonomy in Yantai City, the author synthesizes the comprehensive research on villagers' autonomy, and tries to find out the feasible solution to this problem. In order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the construction of villager autonomy system and system perfection, the author believes that in the face of many problems existing in villager autonomy system, we should strengthen the legal system construction of villager autonomy system. To develop the rural collective economy, to improve the political and cultural level of villagers, to perfect the system of villager autonomy and to limit the influence of rural clans.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D638

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