本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄羅斯 金融危機 比較研究　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1945之后,美國逐漸代替英國而成為新一代的世界強國。在二戰(zhàn)中美國得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢使他受到的損壞最少,因而成為許多國家的債權(quán)國,戰(zhàn)中,許多的西方國家的經(jīng)濟命脈都要依靠美國而生存發(fā)展。美國對各國的影響逐漸擴大。在這種基礎上,美國逐漸在全世界范圍內(nèi)開始建立起世界霸權(quán),美元開始逐漸取代英鎊而成為世界貨幣,具有舉足輕重的作用。隨著全球化進程的發(fā)展,世界各國之間的經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系日益密切,已然開始發(fā)展成為"牽一發(fā)而動全身"的經(jīng)濟格局。越來越多的國家已經(jīng)無法置身事外的進行發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,必須要時刻關(guān)注以美國為首的西方發(fā)達國家對經(jīng)濟政策的調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)變。而經(jīng)濟危機古已有之。就近的說,美國在20世紀三十年代就發(fā)生過一次影響較大的經(jīng)濟危機,后來美國仍然要面對多次的經(jīng)濟危機。由此可見,其他發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家也不可避免的要應對看似突如其來,其實有著諸多因素作用的經(jīng)濟危機。在所有的經(jīng)濟危機中,金融危機的影響力和波及范圍是最大的,也是對緊密聯(lián)系的世界經(jīng)濟造成最大影響的。因此,認識和研究金融危機對每個國家的經(jīng)濟安全和健康發(fā)展都是具有十分重要的意義。除美國之外,俄羅斯作為二戰(zhàn)期間與美國齊頭并進的大國,是與美國能夠相抗衡的一個重要力量,也是美國政府一直重視的國家。但是由于俄羅斯的意識形態(tài)與美國相對,因而一直受到美國的遏制和防范。但是俄羅斯的發(fā)展卻也突破種種束縛而得到快速的發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,近年來俄羅斯經(jīng)濟高速增長,在經(jīng)濟總量上已經(jīng)成為位列世界第七的經(jīng)濟體。俄羅斯擁有巨額的黃金外匯儲備,并在2008年全球金融危機前躍居外匯儲備的世界第三位。表面上看起來,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟似乎一路高歌猛進,利好勢頭令人看好,但是在這告訴發(fā)展的背后卻隱藏著令人擔憂的危機,就是在經(jīng)濟高速增長的背后卻以石油和外債作為發(fā)展基石。而這兩樣卻都極容易受外界環(huán)境的影響,一旦外界環(huán)境發(fā)生動蕩,那么俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展將會遭到前所未有的重創(chuàng),甚至會發(fā)生嚴重的倒退。俄羅斯自從90年代經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌以來,逐漸從計劃經(jīng)濟的體制走向市場經(jīng)濟的體制,在具體的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌中,俄羅斯政府對國有經(jīng)濟進行了改造,使之成為私有化,同時在經(jīng)濟管理體制上也建立起市場經(jīng)濟的制度框架,由此成為了具有西方經(jīng)濟形態(tài)的國家。但是從歷史的發(fā)展來看,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌并不是很順利,一路上遭到不少的挫折,在轉(zhuǎn)軌初期就因為國內(nèi)的政治和經(jīng)濟方面的多種危機而受中創(chuàng),再加上這二十多年來,一共遭遇了三次大的金融危機,分別是:1998年,2008年,2014年。這三次的經(jīng)濟危機都給俄羅斯造成相當大的影響,使得俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)遭到中創(chuàng),造成了惡性通貨膨脹、物價飛漲、社會動亂等各種社會亂象,俄羅斯全國上下始終為經(jīng)濟波動所困擾,以至于其影響今天都還沒消退。而導致這三次金融危機發(fā)生的原因卻是各異,但是其中最為關(guān)鍵性的原因便是,俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟支柱和財政來源是建基在石油的基礎上,因此,石油的下跌始終伴隨著這三次的金融危機之中。后來,在普京上臺之后,普京通過實行"強人政治",以"亂世用重典"的方式對俄羅斯的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會進行了大幅度和深入的改革和整頓,并取得了巨大的成就。不僅政治上建立起一套強勢的政府體系,并整肅地方,為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了一個安定有序的政治環(huán)境,經(jīng)濟上,則建立起一個有序的金融體系,有效解決了此前的經(jīng)濟亂象,為俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展奠定了好的基礎,也增強了俄羅斯應對新的經(jīng)濟風險的能力。雖然俄羅斯幾次以來屢遭金融危機的動蕩影響,但是仍然沒有失去其世界性的影響力。因此對這三次金融危機的發(fā)生的經(jīng)濟背景、原因和應對措施不僅有助于我們加深對俄羅斯經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的特點和路徑了解,還可以增強我們對危機的預警和應對能力。所謂"預則立不預則廢",闡述的就是這個道理。本文從俄羅斯90年代經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌以來的金融危機作為分析對象,對其背景,原因和影響進行剖析,以期望能夠?qū)Χ砹_斯未來在應對這種危機時能夠有所參考和助益,同時也可以俄羅斯為一面鏡子,為中國對金融危機的認識增補些有益的認識。
[Abstract]:After 1945, the United States gradually replaced Britain as a new generation of world power. The United States in World War II richly endowed by nature with the advantages of his damage at least, so many countries become creditor in the war, many western countries have to rely on the United States and the economic lifeline of survival and development. The impact on countries gradually expand. On this basis, the United States gradually began to build a world hegemony in the world, the dollar began to gradually replace the pounds and become a world currency, plays an important role. With the development of globalization, the economic contact between the increasingly close, has begun to become the "domino" economic pattern more and more countries have been unable to stay out of the way of economic development, we must always pay attention to the US led western developed countries to adjust and change of economic policy. The economic crisis has existed since ancient times. Nearby said, the United States in twentieth Century and 30s had a greater impact of the economic crisis, and later the United States still face many economic crisis. Thus, other developed countries and developing countries also have to deal with the seemingly sudden, in fact there are many factors in all economic economic crisis. In the crisis, the financial crisis and the influence scope is the largest, but also caused the greatest impact on the world economy closely. Therefore, understanding and study of the financial crisis on each country's economic security and healthy development is of great significance. In addition to the United States, Russia and the United States during World War II as in the country. Is an important force to compete with the United States, the United States government has always attached great importance to the country. But due to Russia's consciousness The morphology and relative, and thus has been containment and prevention of the United States. But Russia's development but also a breakthrough of constraints and get rapid development. According to statistics, in recent years, Russia's rapid economic growth in the total economy has become the economy ranked seventh in the world. Russia's Ross has a huge gold reserves in foreign exchange the reserves in 2008 before the global financial crisis of third in the world. It seems that the Russian economy seems to be a good momentum is good, stride forward singing militant songs, but in this tell development is hidden behind the worries of the crisis is behind the rapid economic growth in oil and foreign debt as the cornerstone of the development of the two. Like are easily affected by the external environment, once the external environment turbulence, it will be Russia's economic development has been hitherto unknown hit, even will be issued Serious setback. Since 90s the Russian economy, gradually from the planned economy system to market economy system, in the economic transition, the Russian government reform of the state-owned economy, making privatization, and in economic management system is to establish a system framework of market economy, which has become the with western economic pattern of the country. But from the point of view of history development, the economic transition in Russia is not very smooth, suffered many setbacks along the way, in the early transitional period because of domestic political and economic aspects of the crisis in a variety of subject, plus more than 20 years, suffered a total of three big the financial crisis, are: 1998, 2008, 2014. The three economic crisis have caused considerable influence to Russia, the Russian economy continue to be hit, resulting in malignant. Inflation, soaring prices, social unrest and other social chaos, Russia across the country is always plagued by economic fluctuations, so that its influence today have not subsided. Due to the three financial crisis the reason is different, but the key is that Russia's economic pillar and source of finance is based in oil on the basis of the result, the oil drop is always accompanied by the three financial crisis. Later, after Putin came to power, Putin through the implementation of "strongman politics", "economic times prepared the way for Russia's political, social, made extensive and in-depth reform and rectification, and achieved great success. Not only in politics to establish a strong government system, and the purge place, to create a stable and orderly political environment for economic development, the economy, then establish an orderly The financial system, effectively solve the previous economic chaos, laying a good foundation for the healthy development of the Russian economy, but also enhances the ability of the new economic risk. Although the turmoil in Russia is to influence Russia several times repeated since the financial crisis, but still has not lost its influence in the world. So for the three time the financial crisis of the economic background, reasons and measures not only help deepen our understanding of Russian economic transition characteristics and paths, we can also enhance the crisis of the early warning and response capabilities. The so-called "pre Li nopreparation", this is the truth. As the analysis objects in this paper from the financial crisis in Russia since 90s on the background of economic transition, and analyzes the reason and influence to Russia's future in response to the crisis can be reference and help, at the same time It can also be a mirror for Russia to add some useful understanding of China's understanding of the financial crisis.

【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F831.59

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