本文關(guān)鍵詞：繼電保護失效檢測及檢修策略研究　出處：《華北電力大學(北京)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 失效機理 在線監(jiān)測 容錯技術(shù) 失效檢測 檢修策略 自動測試

【摘要】：隨著電網(wǎng)規(guī)模逐步擴大,網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復雜,電網(wǎng)安全更加依賴繼電保護的可靠性。上世紀90年代末期微機保護開始推廣應用,大幅提升了繼電保護正確動作率,但保護軟件缺陷、裝置硬件故障、二次回路異常、人為操作失誤等原因引起的不正確動作事件屢有發(fā)生,甚至導致電網(wǎng)安全事故。因此,有必要分析保護不正確動作原因并提出相應的防范措施,以便最大程度地降低不正確動作的風險。本文在失效機理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對繼電保護失效檢測和容錯技術(shù)進行了充分的研究,取得了如下主要的創(chuàng)新成果：(1)研究了繼電保護的失效機理,包括失效影響、失效原因,提出基于失效模式、后果與危險度分析(FMECA)的繼電保護三維一體綜合檢修策略。綜合應用空間和時間信息,建立了包含檢測型健康因子、隨機失效健康因子、應用環(huán)境健康因子、可靠性健康因子、改進型健康因子的健康指數(shù)評價模型,利用確定性信息反映設(shè)備個體當前的健康狀況,利用概率統(tǒng)計信息預測設(shè)備狀態(tài)未來的發(fā)展趨勢,解決了狀態(tài)評價結(jié)果無法指導設(shè)備個體檢修決策的問題。建立計及人工巡檢費用的馬爾科夫狀態(tài)空間模型,揭示了人工巡檢周期與檢修經(jīng)濟成本的關(guān)系,解決了變電站無人值守模式下人工巡檢周期確定缺乏理論依據(jù)的問題。(2)揭示了微機保護失效檢測存在盲區(qū)的原因,提出了動作特性匹配與冗余設(shè)計相結(jié)合的容錯新方法。建立包含保護動作區(qū)、測量異常區(qū)和檢測閉鎖區(qū)的動作特性平面,提出了應用Venn圖分析失效檢測和動作判別特性匹配度的方法,解決了保護檢測閉鎖區(qū)沒有通用設(shè)計原則的問題；提出了距離Ⅲ段保護阻抗偏移特性的自適應判據(jù),解決了區(qū)外故障伴隨PT斷線時距離Ⅲ段誤動的問題；建立雙冗余設(shè)計的可靠性分析模型,提出了繼電保護主動冗余設(shè)計方法,降低了停電檢修前的誤動風險。(3)提出了基于多源信息挖掘技術(shù)的繼電保護在線監(jiān)測方法,從站域和廣域兩個層面增強了繼電保護失效檢測能力。建立繼電保護自檢信息模型和通用狀態(tài)評價模型,揭示自檢信息與設(shè)備狀態(tài)的對應關(guān)系,實現(xiàn)了檢測型健康因子的實時動態(tài)評價；提出了基于同源信息比對的關(guān)聯(lián)監(jiān)測方法,提高了站域?qū)用娑位芈冯[性故障的檢測能力；建立基于XML Schema的故障錄波模型和保護裝置內(nèi)部中間節(jié)點信息模型,提出錄波數(shù)據(jù)多抽樣率變換算法,解決了復雜故障條件下錄波通道智能分群、采樣頻率歸一化、動作邏輯可視化的問題,提高了基于廣域信息的保護動作行為分析和診斷水平。(4)提出基于IEC61850標準的繼電保護狀態(tài)檢測方法,范圍覆蓋SV、GOOSE及保護功能,實現(xiàn)了智能變電站繼電保護的免維護。揭示了模擬式合并單元可靠性低的原因,提出基于采樣值等差分和諧波含量比的數(shù)據(jù)有效性判別方法,提高了合并單元數(shù)據(jù)品質(zhì)的檢測和容錯能力。提出基于模型匹配的智能變電站繼電保護自動測試方法,實現(xiàn)“有主”的自動測試,解決了人工干預環(huán)節(jié)多、試驗結(jié)果不直觀的問題,提高了檢修效率和安全水平。提出基于擴展CID模型命令監(jiān)視數(shù)據(jù)點的GOOSE回路閉環(huán)監(jiān)測方法,實現(xiàn)“自主”的自動測試,進一步提高智能變電站繼電保護的狀態(tài)檢測能力。
[Abstract]:Along with the network gradually expand the scale of grid structure is becoming more and more complex, more dependent on the reliability of power grid safety protection. In the end of 90s began to promote the application of microcomputer protection, greatly improving the relay correct operating rate, but the protection of software defects, device hardware failure, the two loop anomalous, incorrect action of incident caused by human error and other reasons. Frequently occur, and even lead to power grid accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for the incorrect action of protection and puts forward some corresponding preventive measures, in order to reduce the risk of incorrect action maximum. Based on the analysis of the failure mechanism, the failure detection and fault tolerance technology of relay protection of the full study, are as follows the main innovations: (1) study on the failure mechanism of the relay protection, including the failure, failure, failure mode is proposed based on the consequences and Risk analysis (FMECA) comprehensive maintenance strategy of three-dimensional integrated relay protection. The comprehensive application of spatial and temporal information, including the detection of health factors, health factors of random failure, the application of environmental health factors, health factors of health evaluation index of reliability, improved health factor model, using the deterministic information reflecting the health condition of the individual equipment and predict the future development trend of the equipment state by using probability statistics, evaluation results can not solve the state guiding equipment overhaul individual decision problems. Markoff state space model is established and the manual inspection fees, reveals the relationship between artificial inspection cycle and maintenance cost, solve the substation unattended mode manual inspection cycle to determine the lack of theory on the basis of the problem. (2) revealed the microcomputer protection failure detection area, a special action A new method of fault tolerant matching combined with redundant design. Includes the establishment of protection area, plane motion characteristic anomaly area measurement and detection blocking area, puts forward the application analysis of Venn failure detection and motion discrimination features matching degree method, solves the protection blocking detection there is no universal design principles; adaptive distance criterion section III presents the characteristics of offset impedance protection, solve the external fault with PT disconnection of the misoperation problem; establish the reliability analysis model of dual redundant design, puts forward the design method of active redundancy protection, reduce the power outage maintenance before the misoperation risk. (3) proposed online monitoring of relay protection a method of multi-source information mining technology based on two aspects from the station and the wide domain enhances the relay protection failure detection capability. Establishment of relay protection information model and the general state of self evaluation The model reveals the relationship, self information and the state of the equipment, realize the real-time dynamic detection evaluation of health factor; put forward the related monitoring method based on homologous information comparison, to improve the detection ability of the two loop station fault hidden level; the establishment of fault recorder based on XML Schema model and internal intermediate node information protection device the model proposed, recorded data of multi sampling rate conversion algorithm, to solve the complex fault condition recording channel intelligent grouping, sampling frequency, action logic visualization problems, improve the protection action of wide area information analysis and diagnosis level. (4) based on the proposed relay protection IEC61850 state detection method based on coverage SV, GOOSE and protection function, realize maintenance of intelligent substation relay protection. The reliability of the simulation reveals the type of merging unit low reason based On the effectiveness of differential method and harmonic data sampling, improves the quality of data merging unit detection and fault tolerance. The automatic test method of relay protection in Smart Substation Based on model matching, the realization of automatic test are the main ", solve the human intervention process, test result is not intuitive problem and improves the maintenance efficiency and safety level. GOOSE closed loop monitoring method of extended CID model command monitoring data points based on the realization of automatic testing autonomy", to further improve the intelligent substation relay protection status detection ability.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM77

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