【摘要】：生土材料泛指未經(jīng)過焙燒,僅僅經(jīng)過簡單加工的原狀土質(zhì)材料。除了能充分的發(fā)揮就地取材的優(yōu)勢,生土材料還有優(yōu)良的熱穩(wěn)定性、良好的保溫性能等特點(diǎn),為人類創(chuàng)造出了適宜的室內(nèi)居住和使用環(huán)境,此外,生土材料還具有調(diào)濕、透氣、防火、能耗低、造價(jià)經(jīng)濟(jì)等特點(diǎn),并且在服役結(jié)束后能夠重新回歸自然的優(yōu)勢。但是,傳統(tǒng)的生土材料強(qiáng)度不高、體積變形大、水穩(wěn)定性不好,導(dǎo)致生土建筑在抗震、耐水性和體積穩(wěn)定性等方面存在諸多問題,而且人們對生土材料的性質(zhì)缺乏足夠的科學(xué)認(rèn)知,這極大地妨礙了生土建筑質(zhì)量的提高。我國幅員遼闊,生土蘊(yùn)藏豐富,研制強(qiáng)度高、穩(wěn)定性好、耐水性好的新型生土材料對營造舒適性好、能耗低的綠色建筑意義重大。本研究以粘性原土為主要原材料,鋼廠廢渣和少量助劑為改性摻合料,采用壓制成型的方法制備強(qiáng)度高、耐水性、抗凍性好的新型生土材料。主要研究改性摻合料的組成、摻量及制備條件等對生土材料不同齡期的強(qiáng)度、軟化系數(shù),60天時(shí)的抗凍性和抗干濕循環(huán)性等性質(zhì)影響,并對新型生土材料的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)做了簡單的研究。通過X射線衍射分析原料與生土材料礦物組成的變化,探討新型生土材料的形成機(jī)理。研究結(jié)果表明:1)利用改性摻合料加入到粘性原土中,僅經(jīng)過簡單的壓實(shí)就能制備出強(qiáng)度較高,水穩(wěn)性較好的新型生土材料。2)生土材料的強(qiáng)度發(fā)展較為緩慢,前期強(qiáng)度較低,但能一直持續(xù)發(fā)展很長時(shí)間,在60天齡期時(shí)強(qiáng)度最高能達(dá)到8.78MPa,并且該齡期下材料的抗凍性和抗干濕循環(huán)性能都較好;在14天左右才開始具有水穩(wěn)定性,60天時(shí)水飽和強(qiáng)度能達(dá)到其強(qiáng)度的60%~80%。3)隨著改性摻合料摻量的加大,生土材料的最優(yōu)含水量會相應(yīng)的增大,同時(shí)生土材料的強(qiáng)度、水飽和強(qiáng)度、軟化系數(shù)均會增大,抗凍性和耐水性也會越來越好。當(dāng)改性劑摻量為20%~25%,加水量為最優(yōu)含水量,壓實(shí)度為95%時(shí),制備出的新型生土材料強(qiáng)度7.5MPa,軟化系數(shù)80%,強(qiáng)度損失BDR40%,強(qiáng)度和水穩(wěn)性等較素土均有很好的改善,又由于其制備工藝簡單,造價(jià)低廉,所以具有很廣闊的研究和利用前景。
[Abstract]:Raw soil materials generally refer to uncalcined, simply processed raw soil materials. In addition to giving full play to the advantages of local materials, raw soil materials also have excellent thermal stability, good thermal insulation performance and other characteristics, creating a suitable indoor living and use environment for human beings. In addition, raw soil materials also have the characteristics of moisture regulation, air permeability, fire prevention, low energy consumption, cost economy and so on, and can return to nature after service. However, the strength of traditional raw soil materials is not high, the volume deformation is large, and the water stability is not good, which leads to many problems in seismic resistance, water resistance and volume stability of raw soil buildings, and people lack enough scientific understanding of the properties of raw soil materials, which greatly hinders the improvement of raw soil building quality. China is vast in territory, rich in raw soil, high in strength, good in stability and good in water resistance, which is of great significance to the construction of green buildings with good comfort and low energy consumption. In this study, a new raw soil material with high strength, water resistance and good frost resistance was prepared by pressing molding with viscous raw soil as the main raw material, steel plant waste slag and a small amount of auxiliaries as modified admixtures. The effects of composition, content and preparation conditions of modified admixtures on the strength, soften coefficient, freezing resistance and dry and wet cycle resistance of raw soil materials at different ages were studied, and the thermal conductivity of new raw soil materials was simply studied. The formation mechanism of new raw soil materials was discussed by analyzing the mineral composition of raw materials and raw soil materials by X-ray diffraction. The results show that: 1) A new type of raw soil material with high strength and good water stability can be prepared by adding modified admixture to viscous raw soil. 2) the strength development of raw soil material is slow and the early strength is low, but it can continue to develop for a long time, and the highest strength can reach 8.78 MPA at 60 days of age. At this age, the frost resistance and dry and wet cycle resistance of the materials are better. It takes about 14 days to have water stability, and the water saturation strength can reach 60% 鈮，

本文編號：2504280