【摘要】：本文研究的拱形張弦結(jié)構(gòu)包括拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)與拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼結(jié)構(gòu),其主要特點(diǎn)為上弦為拱(拱架)或柱面網(wǎng)殼,下弦為上凹型(拱形)懸索。其中,拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)是平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的一種新形式,拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼結(jié)構(gòu)是弦支網(wǎng)殼結(jié)構(gòu)的一種新形式。文章首先對平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行了回顧,簡述了平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)體系的結(jié)構(gòu)類型與組成特點(diǎn),包括下凹式張弦梁、張弦梁(桁架)、張弦拱(拱架)、系桿拱、拱形張弦拱(拱架),并對各自的適用范圍進(jìn)行了討論。介紹了一些國內(nèi)外典型平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)工程,并相應(yīng)介紹了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的有關(guān)研究工作。提出平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的一種新形式“拱形張弦拱”,該結(jié)構(gòu)的主要特點(diǎn)為:上弦為拱(拱架),下弦為上凹型懸索,上弦拱與下弦索之間用豎向拉桿連接;僅上弦拱為壓彎構(gòu)件,其余均為拉桿,結(jié)構(gòu)效率更高;結(jié)構(gòu)自平衡,對下部結(jié)構(gòu)無水平推力。與傳統(tǒng)兩鉸拱結(jié)構(gòu)相比,下弦張弦既平衡了拱的水平推力,又有效提高了上弦拱的穩(wěn)定;與普通張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)相比,下弦索的上凹有更大的建筑室內(nèi)空間可以利用,內(nèi)部視覺也更為明快。因此拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)特別適用于大跨度公共建筑的屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)。簡述了空間張弦結(jié)構(gòu)與弦支網(wǎng)殼的類型及典型空間張弦結(jié)構(gòu)與弦支網(wǎng)殼工程,并介紹了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對空間張弦結(jié)構(gòu)與弦支網(wǎng)殼工程的研究工作。在深入分析拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)受力特性的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步提出“拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼”這一結(jié)構(gòu)新形式。拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼的特點(diǎn)為:上弦構(gòu)件為單層柱面網(wǎng)殼,下弦為上凹型懸索,連接上弦單層柱面網(wǎng)殼與下弦索的豎向桿件為拉桿。該結(jié)構(gòu)形式造型美觀,下弦索不僅能平衡上弦柱面網(wǎng)殼的水平推力,而且能提高上弦柱面網(wǎng)殼整體穩(wěn)定,具有較好的工程應(yīng)用前景。本文以平面拱形張弦拱為重點(diǎn)研究對象,對該結(jié)構(gòu)的的受力性能進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的理論分析。建立索與拱的變形協(xié)調(diào)方程,導(dǎo)出索力增量與位移關(guān)系,用連續(xù)化方法給出拱形張弦拱的整體平衡微分方程,采用伽遼金法求得解析解,并與模型試驗(yàn)、非線性有限元分析進(jìn)行分析比較,證明本文提出的理論公式計算方便、直觀精確,可用于拱形張弦拱的分析與計算。對拱形張弦拱的靜力性能進(jìn)行了討論,包括結(jié)構(gòu)的線性性能、上弦拱的彎曲剛度貢獻(xiàn)、撓度與支座水平位移、預(yù)應(yīng)力對結(jié)構(gòu)的影響等方面。推導(dǎo)給出一端彈性水平支承的拱形張弦拱整體平衡微分方程,分析了水平支承剛度對結(jié)構(gòu)靜力性能的影響,并與兩鉸拱進(jìn)行對比。對拱形張弦拱平面內(nèi)的整體穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了初步研究,與兩鉸拱的平面內(nèi)整體穩(wěn)定做了對比,指出下弦張弦體系對提高結(jié)構(gòu)整體穩(wěn)定性有很大作用。對拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)的動力特性進(jìn)行了分析,研究了拱形張弦拱幾何參數(shù)變化對其受力性能的影響,給出了拱形張弦拱的合理設(shè)計建議。以拱形張弦拱的系統(tǒng)理論研究為基礎(chǔ),對各類平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)按其結(jié)構(gòu)幾何參數(shù)(上弦拱的矢跨比、下弦索的垂跨比)的變化,詳細(xì)討論與分析比較了各類平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的受力特性,包括結(jié)構(gòu)的線性性能、上弦拱的抗彎剛度貢獻(xiàn)、不同結(jié)構(gòu)形式的跨中撓度與支座水平位移比較、預(yù)應(yīng)力對結(jié)構(gòu)的控制作用等方面。有關(guān)成果對平面張弦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究與設(shè)計有較好的指導(dǎo)意義。設(shè)計制作了拱形張弦拱結(jié)構(gòu)的三組不同矢(垂)跨比的試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的靜力與動力性能試驗(yàn)。包括均布荷載、活荷載半跨分布、預(yù)應(yīng)力作用及全跨(半跨)極限承載力試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)的自振頻率與振型測試。對試驗(yàn)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)整理,并將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論公式及有限元模型對比,驗(yàn)證了理論計算公式的適用性和模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的正確性。通過有限元計算研究了平面尺度為60m×80m的拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼的靜力性能;指出下弦索對平衡柱面網(wǎng)殼水平推力的作用,并重點(diǎn)研究下弦索對提高柱面網(wǎng)殼整體穩(wěn)定的作用;采用有限元計算了不同幾何參數(shù)的拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼的靜力受力性能與動力特性。根據(jù)研究成果,提出拱形張弦柱面網(wǎng)殼工程的設(shè)計建議。
[Abstract]:The arch-shaped string structure studied in this paper is composed of an arch-shaped arch-string arch structure and an arch-shaped cylindrical shell structure, and is mainly characterized in that the upper chord is an arch (arch frame) or a cylindrical reticulated shell, and the lower chord is an upper concave (arched) suspension cable. In this paper, the arch structure is a new form of the flat-string structure, and the structure of the dome-shaped cylindrical shell is a new form of the structure of the string-supported net. In this paper, the development process of the flat-string structure is reviewed, and the structure type and composition characteristics of the flat-string structure system are briefly described. The structure type and the composition characteristics of the flat-string structure system are briefly described, including the lower concave-type beam-string beam, the beam-string beam (the arch frame), the tension-string arch (the arch frame), the tie-bar arch and the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch (the arch frame). And the application scope of the invention is discussed. In this paper, some typical flat-string structure engineering at home and abroad are introduced, and the relevant research work of the domestic and foreign scholars on the plane-string structure is introduced. The invention provides a new form of "arch-shaped arch-string arch" of a planar chord structure, which is mainly characterized in that the upper chord is an arch (an arch frame), the lower chord is an upper concave suspension cable, a vertical pull rod is connected between the upper chord arch and the lower chord line, only the upper chord arch is a press bending component, the other is a pull rod, and the structural efficiency is higher; The structure is self-balanced and has no horizontal thrust to the lower structure. Compared with the traditional two-hinge-arch structure, the lower chord-and-chord structure can balance the horizontal thrust of the arch and effectively improve the stability of the upper chord arch; Therefore, the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch structure is particularly suitable for the roof structure of a large-span public building. The paper briefly introduces the type of the space-string structure and the string-supporting net shell and the typical space-string structure and the string-supporting network shell project, and introduces the research work of the domestic and foreign scholars on the space-string structure and the string-supporting net shell project. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the force characteristics of the arch-shaped arch-arch structure, the new form of the "arch-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell" is put forward. The arched open-string cylindrical reticulated shell is characterized in that the upper chord member is a single-layer cylindrical shell, the lower chord is an upper concave suspension cable, and the vertical rod of the upper chord single-layer cylindrical shell and the lower chord is a pull rod. The structure is beautiful in shape, the lower chord can not only balance the horizontal thrust of the upper chord cylindrical reticulated shell, but also can improve the overall stability of the upper chord cylindrical reticulated shell, and has better engineering application prospect. In this paper, the stress performance of the structure is analyzed theoretically by using the planar arch-shaped arch as the key research object. The deformation coordination equation of the cable and the arch is established, the relationship between the force increment and the displacement is derived, the integral equilibrium differential equation of the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch is given by the continuous method, the analytical solution is obtained by the Galerkin method, and compared with the model test and the non-linear finite element analysis, It is proved that the theoretical formula presented in this paper is convenient, visual and accurate, and can be used for the analysis and calculation of the arch-shaped arch. The static performance of the arch-shaped arch is discussed, including the linear performance of the structure, the contribution of the bending rigidity of the upper chord, the displacement of the deflection and the support, the effect of the prestress on the structure, etc. In this paper, the integral equilibrium differential equation of the arch-shaped arch-string arch supported by one-end elastic level is derived, and the effect of the horizontal support stiffness on the static performance of the structure is analyzed and compared with the two-hinged arch. In this paper, the overall stability of the arch-shaped arch-chord arch is studied, and the overall stability of the two-hinged arch is compared. It is pointed out that the lower-chord-chord system has a great effect on improving the overall stability of the structure. The dynamic characteristics of the arch-shaped arch-string arch structure are analyzed, and the influence of the change of the geometric parameters of the arch-shaped arch-string arch on the performance of the arch-shaped arch-string arch is studied, and the reasonable design proposal of the arch-shaped arch-chord arch is given. Based on the research of the system theory of the arch-shaped arch-string arch, the variation of the structure geometric parameters (the vector-span ratio of the upper chord and the vertical span ratio of the lower chord) of all kinds of flat-string structures is discussed in detail. The force characteristics of the structure of various flat-string structures are discussed and compared, including the linear performance of the structure. The bending stiffness contribution of the upper chord arch, the cross-center deflection of different structures and the horizontal displacement of the support, the control effect of the pre-stress on the structure, and the like. The results are of great significance to the research and design of the flat-string structure. The experimental model of three groups of different vector (vertical) span ratio of the arch-shaped arch-arch structure was designed, and the detailed static and dynamic performance test was carried out. The self-vibration frequency and vibration mode test of the structure are carried out, including uniform load, live load semi-span distribution, pre-stress and full span (semi-span) ultimate bearing capacity test. The results of the test are compared with the theoretical formula and the finite element model, and the applicability of the theoretical calculation formula and the correctness of the model test results are verified. The static performance of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell with a plane dimension of 60 m and 80 m is studied by the finite element method, and the effect of the lower chord on the horizontal thrust of the cylindrical reticulated shell is pointed out, and the effect of the lower chord on the overall stability of the cylindrical reticulated shell is studied. The static force and dynamic characteristics of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell with different geometric parameters are calculated by using the finite element method. Based on the research results, the design proposal of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell project is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國建筑科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU399

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