【摘要】：在當(dāng)今工業(yè)化進(jìn)程不斷深入、大量燃燒化石燃料的背景下,城市空氣中懸浮顆粒污染物的質(zhì)量濃度頻繁超標(biāo),霧霾天氣的出現(xiàn)成為常態(tài)化,這一系列現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致城市環(huán)境微氣候惡化。哈爾濱是典型的高緯度寒地城市,冬季寒冷漫長植被稀疏,采暖期供熱將導(dǎo)致大量PM2.5被排放在空氣中。本文試圖從建筑布局與街道網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式的角度詮釋這一環(huán)境問題的影響因素,將空氣污染物的散布問題納入城市規(guī)劃專項(xiàng)研究,提出城市中微氣候補(bǔ)償措施規(guī)劃對策,使得城市向著更加環(huán)保、宜居、科學(xué)、有機(jī)的方向發(fā)展。本研究以促進(jìn)城市中PM2.5擴(kuò)散的視角為著眼點(diǎn),以哈爾濱市街道空間相關(guān)屬性與幾何參數(shù)為研究對象,圍繞如何通過規(guī)劃手段對城市空間布局優(yōu)化的方法,來降低嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)城市在采暖期大氣中細(xì)顆粒空氣污染物濃度這一問題進(jìn)行深入研究。以高緯度嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)城市復(fù)雜的微氣候環(huán)境條件為背景,在采暖期環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)地監(jiān)測的支撐下,結(jié)合計(jì)算流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬方法對典型的理想狀態(tài)模型進(jìn)行研究與論證,進(jìn)行了多個(gè)街道空間幾何元素的計(jì)算分析與對比研究。首先對PM2.5散布特性、城市街道對PM2.5散布影響、微氣候補(bǔ)償因子對PM2.5散布影響等方面做了相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)研究,進(jìn)而界定出研究對象與研究范圍。其次文章還利用CFD技術(shù)對城市街道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不同結(jié)構(gòu)、街道空間的不同幾何參數(shù)、街道不同的平面形式、街道不同的交叉口形式與城市通風(fēng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探究;進(jìn)而針對不同的街道變量因素提出了降低空氣中PM2.5質(zhì)量濃度的相關(guān)優(yōu)化策略。最后為了驗(yàn)證數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果的科學(xué)性與合理性,本研究對哈爾濱中央大街區(qū)段進(jìn)行了污染物相關(guān)氣候條件的數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測,進(jìn)而對中央大街制定出因地制宜的微氣候補(bǔ)償措施規(guī)劃方案,將街道空間劃分為行人適宜活動(dòng)區(qū)、快速通行區(qū)與微氣候補(bǔ)償區(qū)。從PM2.5擴(kuò)散的視角研究城市街道空間形態(tài),以期提出建設(shè)性指導(dǎo)意見,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化新區(qū)的空間布局,為綠地水體等微氣候補(bǔ)償措施的布置提供有利依據(jù)。這一研究有助于整體改善城市的人居生態(tài)環(huán)境,為城市的健康環(huán)保可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Under the background of burning a lot of fossil fuels, the mass concentration of suspended particulate pollutants in urban air frequently exceeds the standard, and the appearance of haze weather becomes normal. This series of phenomena lead to the deterioration of microclimate in urban environment. Harbin is a typical cold city in high latitudes. The cold and long vegetation is sparse in winter. Heating during heating period will result in a large amount of PM2.5 discharged into the air. This paper attempts to explain the influence factors of this environmental problem from the angle of architectural layout and street network form, bring the dispersion of air pollutants into the special study of urban planning, and put forward the planning countermeasures of microclimate compensation measures in cities. To make the city more environmentally friendly, livable, scientific, organic development. This study focuses on the perspective of promoting the diffusion of PM2.5 in the city, taking the related attributes and geometric parameters of street space in Harbin as the research object, and focusing on how to optimize the urban spatial layout by means of planning. In order to reduce the concentration of fine particulate air pollutants in the urban air during heating period, the problem of reducing the concentration of fine particulate air pollutants in cold regions was studied. Based on the complex microclimate environment conditions in high latitude and severe cold areas, the typical ideal state model is studied and demonstrated under the support of field monitoring of environmental data during heating period, combined with the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The calculation, analysis and comparison of geometric elements in street space are carried out. In this paper, the characteristics of PM2.5 dispersion, the influence of urban streets on PM2.5 dispersion, and the effect of microclimate compensation factor on PM2.5 dispersion are studied, and the research object and scope are defined. Secondly, the paper also uses CFD technology to explore the different structure of the city street network, the different geometric parameters of the street space, the different plane form of the street, the relationship between the different intersection form of the street and the urban ventilation. According to the different street variables, the optimization strategy of reducing the mass concentration of PM2.5 in the air is put forward. Finally, in order to verify the scientific and reasonable results of numerical simulation, the data monitoring of pollutant related climatic conditions was carried out in the section of Harbin Central Street. Furthermore, the plan of microclimate compensation measures is worked out according to local conditions, and the street space is divided into suitable pedestrian area, fast passage area and microclimate compensation area. This paper studies the spatial form of urban streets from the perspective of PM2.5 diffusion in order to give constructive guidance to optimize the spatial layout of the new area and to provide a favorable basis for the arrangement of micro-climate compensation measures such as green water bodies. This study is helpful to improve the ecological environment of urban human settlements and contribute to the sustainable development of urban health and environmental protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984;TU119

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