【摘要】：室內(nèi)人體的交互呼吸過程會(huì)對室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)和室內(nèi)污染物的控制產(chǎn)生很大的影響,這將直接影響在室內(nèi)生活工作者的身體健康。為了了解室內(nèi)空氣穩(wěn)定性對人體交互呼吸過程的影響規(guī)律,本文中重點(diǎn)討論了不穩(wěn)定型、中性型和穩(wěn)定型分別對人體呼吸氣流所產(chǎn)生的影響,并分析了造成這些影響的原因。本研究利用室內(nèi)空氣穩(wěn)定性實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn),通過不同的加熱模式,營造出三種不同的室內(nèi)空氣溫度梯度環(huán)境;設(shè)置呼氣假人和吸氣假人,并利用發(fā)煙裝置發(fā)煙,從而達(dá)到了呼吸氣流可視化研究的目的;通過對呼吸氣流的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡進(jìn)行拍照對比研究其運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。此外,借助計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬方法,利用模擬軟件對實(shí)驗(yàn)室建立等比例模型,選擇CO2作為污染物運(yùn)動(dòng)的示蹤氣體,對模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,通過分析CO2濃度分布規(guī)律得出呼吸氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。并將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果對比分析。本文中研究結(jié)果表明,在重力加速度為0的條件下,對比不穩(wěn)定型、中性型和穩(wěn)定型的模擬結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)完全一致,說明室內(nèi)空氣穩(wěn)定性必須以重力存在作為前提。在重力加速度為-9.8 m/s2的條件下,實(shí)驗(yàn)與模擬結(jié)果一致顯示,不穩(wěn)定型會(huì)顯著地促進(jìn)氣流在豎直方向上產(chǎn)生脈動(dòng),增強(qiáng)呼氣主流對周圍空氣的卷吸作用,污染物的擴(kuò)散范圍更大,由于氣流受到浮力作用會(huì)促使其向上流動(dòng),污染物很難停留在呼吸區(qū)域。與此相反,穩(wěn)定型會(huì)顯著抑制氣流在豎直方向上的湍流擴(kuò)散,呼氣主流難以與周圍空氣摻混,污染物擴(kuò)散范圍小,使得污染物聚集在半空中,凝滯懸浮在呼吸區(qū)域,幾乎全部被吸入鼻腔。中性型的結(jié)果介于不穩(wěn)定型與穩(wěn)定型之間。因此,室內(nèi)空氣穩(wěn)定性對室內(nèi)人體交互呼吸過程中污染物的擴(kuò)散規(guī)律有著十分顯著地影響,對有效地排除室內(nèi)空氣污染物、提升室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)與設(shè)計(jì)更為合理的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The interactive breathing process of indoor human body will have great influence on indoor air quality and the control of indoor pollutants, which will directly affect the health of indoor living workers. In order to understand the influence of indoor air stability on human interactive breathing process, the effects of unstable type, neutral type and stable type on human respiratory flow are discussed in this paper, and the causes of these effects are analyzed. In this study, three different indoor air temperature gradient environments were created by using indoor air stability laboratory experiments and different heating modes. The purpose of visualizing breath flow is achieved by setting breath dummy and inspiratory dummy, and smoking device is used to study the movement regularity of breath flow. In addition, with the help of the computational fluid dynamics simulation method and using the simulation software to establish the equal scale model of the laboratory, CO2 is selected as the tracer gas of pollutant movement, and the model is numerically simulated. By analyzing the distribution of CO2 concentration, the law of respiratory airflow movement was obtained. The experimental results are compared with the simulated results. The results show that the simulation results of unstable, neutral and stable types of indoor air must be based on the existence of gravity when the acceleration of gravity is 0. Under the condition of -9.8 m/s2 gravity acceleration, the experimental and simulated results show that the unstable type can significantly promote the pulsation of the air flow in the vertical direction and enhance the entrainment of the expiratory mainstream to the surrounding air. The diffusion range of pollutants is larger and it is difficult to stay in the respiratory region because the air flow is promoted by buoyancy. On the contrary, the stable type can significantly inhibit the turbulent diffusion of the air in the vertical direction, the main stream of breath is difficult to mix with the surrounding air, and the range of pollutant diffusion is small, so that the pollutants are concentrated in the mid-air and suspended in the breathing area. Almost all were inhaled into the nasal cavity. The result of neutral type is between unstable type and stable type. Therefore, the stability of indoor air has a significant effect on the diffusion of pollutants in the process of indoor interactive respiration, and it can effectively eliminate indoor air pollutants. It is important to improve indoor air quality and design more reasonable ventilation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU831.1

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