【摘要】：蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)作為電力調(diào)峰的重要手段之一,在全世界都有廣泛的應(yīng)用,但是對(duì)于其實(shí)際運(yùn)行效果測(cè)試的研究卻沒(méi)有跟上。國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多蓄冷空調(diào)項(xiàng)目實(shí)際運(yùn)行能耗、效率、經(jīng)濟(jì)性參差不齊,因此需要統(tǒng)一的評(píng)價(jià)體系來(lái)規(guī)范化蓄冷系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和運(yùn)行。本文提出從能源效率、經(jīng)濟(jì)性兩個(gè)維度的運(yùn)行效果出發(fā)的蓄冷空調(diào)評(píng)價(jià)體系,其中能效評(píng)價(jià)主要用于對(duì)設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)節(jié)能診斷與改善,經(jīng)濟(jì)性評(píng)價(jià)用于蓄冷系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)決策和運(yùn)行指導(dǎo),并作為蓄冷系統(tǒng)綜合評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(1)蓄冷系統(tǒng)能效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系包括總能耗及能效指標(biāo)(EER)、耗能設(shè)備能效指標(biāo)、能量交換設(shè)備能效指標(biāo),可以反映該項(xiàng)目的水平,用于設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能診斷。將實(shí)際運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)算出的能效指標(biāo)與額定參數(shù)或設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)相比較,即可查找系統(tǒng)中可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。(2)經(jīng)濟(jì)性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系主要包括各項(xiàng)動(dòng)態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo),如系統(tǒng)全生命周期總費(fèi)用(LCC)、單位冷量全生命周期費(fèi)用指標(biāo)(LCC/Q)、運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)(CPOC)、初投資經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)(ic/q)、維護(hù)費(fèi)用經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)(mc/q),以及內(nèi)部收益率(IRR)等。在蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、施工驗(yàn)收、運(yùn)行的每個(gè)階段,都可以用上述指標(biāo)檢查和規(guī)范蓄冷系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性。(3)新建項(xiàng)目在進(jìn)行方案決策,即判斷是否采用蓄冷系統(tǒng)、采用何種規(guī)模的蓄冷系統(tǒng)時(shí),需要綜合考慮全生命周期總費(fèi)用(LCC)與內(nèi)部收益率(IRR)兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo):在所有IRR大于行業(yè)內(nèi)部收益率的方案中,選擇LCC最小的方案。(4)在對(duì)項(xiàng)目整體進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)時(shí),可以使用LCC/Q指標(biāo)圖、CPOC指標(biāo)圖進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單快捷的評(píng)價(jià)。文中給出了北京、上海、深圳三座城市的指標(biāo)圖,其他城市的指標(biāo)圖可以按照文中提供的方法計(jì)算得出。除診斷和評(píng)價(jià)外,該評(píng)價(jià)體系也可以用于指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)、施工驗(yàn)收和運(yùn)行管理,通過(guò)把控各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)來(lái)保證質(zhì)量。不論是對(duì)單體建筑業(yè)主還是對(duì)整體城市電網(wǎng),蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)確實(shí)具有很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益,節(jié)約運(yùn)行、建設(shè)成本和降低尖峰負(fù)荷壓力,但是蓄冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)需要比常規(guī)系統(tǒng)更加精細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和運(yùn)行,必須把控好每一級(jí)能效、經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo),才能實(shí)現(xiàn)整體系統(tǒng)的高效運(yùn)行,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)和用戶的雙贏局面。
[Abstract]:As one of the important means of power peak shaving, cold storage air conditioning system has been widely used all over the world, but the research on its actual operation effect testing has not kept pace with it. The actual energy consumption, efficiency and economy of many cold storage air conditioning projects at home and abroad are not uniform, so a unified evaluation system is needed to standardize the design, construction and operation of the storage system. In this paper, an evaluation system of energy efficiency and energy efficiency is put forward, in which energy efficiency evaluation is mainly used to diagnose and improve energy saving of equipment and system. The economic evaluation is used for the design decision and operation guidance of the storage system, and is used as the standard for the comprehensive evaluation of the storage system. (1) the energy efficiency evaluation index system of the storage system includes the total energy consumption and the energy efficiency index (EER), energy efficiency index. Energy efficiency indicators for energy exchange equipment can reflect the level of the project and are used for energy conservation diagnosis of equipment and systems. Comparing the energy efficiency index calculated from the actual operation data with the rated parameter or design index, we can find out the possible problems in the system. (2) the economic evaluation index system mainly includes various dynamic economic indexes. For example, the total life cycle cost of the system (LCC), per unit cooling capacity, the whole life cycle cost index (LCC/Q), the operating economy index (CPOC), the initial investment economy index (ic/q), the maintenance cost economy index (mc/q), And internal rate of return (IRR) and so on. In each stage of the design, construction acceptance and operation of the cold storage air conditioning system, the above indexes can be used to check and standardize the actual use economy of the storage system. (3) the new project is making a project decision, that is, judging whether or not to use the storage system, The size of a cold storage system requires a comprehensive consideration of two indicators, the total lifecycle cost (LCC) and the internal rate of return (IRR): in all scenarios where IRR is greater than the industry's internal rate of return, Select the smallest scheme of LCC. (4) when evaluating the whole project, we can use LCC/Q index chart and CPOC index chart to evaluate the project quickly and simply. The index maps of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are given in this paper. The index charts of other cities can be calculated according to the method provided in this paper. In addition to diagnosis and evaluation, the evaluation system can also be used to guide the design, construction acceptance and operation management, and ensure the quality by controlling the key indicators of each link. Whether for individual building owners or for the overall urban power grid, the air conditioning system for storage is indeed very good economic and environmental benefits, save operation, construction costs and reduce peak load pressure, But the cold storage air conditioning system needs more precise design, construction and operation than the conventional system. It is necessary to control every level of energy efficiency and economic index to realize the efficient operation of the whole system and realize the win-win situation between the power grid and the users.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU831

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