【摘要】：隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)力度不斷的加大,在建工程項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量將會持續(xù)攀升,加之高層建筑、地下建筑、巨型建筑的層出不窮,在建工程的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度會隨之增大,造成極大的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,因此對在建工程項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估非常必要。通過對在建工程項(xiàng)目火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),可以系統(tǒng)地識別出火災(zāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素;揭示各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素及施工場地整體的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,為施工管理者制定消防安全措施提供決策依據(jù),以便降低火災(zāi)事故發(fā)生的概率和造成的損失,同時(shí)可以提高施工企業(yè)提高消防安全管理水平;也可為工程建設(shè)保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)制定科學(xué)合理的火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率提供支持。為了達(dá)到研究目的,本文所做的主要工作概括如下:(1)在以對在建工程火災(zāi)案例的研究及結(jié)合施工場地環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上,具體分析了在建工程火災(zāi)發(fā)生的原因,從在建工程項(xiàng)目的自身狀況和施工消防安全管理兩方面總結(jié)了其火災(zāi)所具有的特點(diǎn)。(2)依據(jù)對在建工程火災(zāi)原因及特點(diǎn)的分析,初步建立起在建工程火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,進(jìn)一步對指標(biāo)必要性分析、重要度分析、完整性分析和對指標(biāo)體系結(jié)構(gòu)“深度”與“出度”、聚類情況分析,最終建立起一套適合在建工程的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)體系,涉及到火源控制、防火能力、滅火能力、安全疏散、消防安全管理、人員因素六大項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,并對其下的各個(gè)子指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了解釋和評價(jià)內(nèi)容的界定。(3)分析總結(jié)了層次分析法在賦權(quán)應(yīng)用上的缺陷和不足以及對其各種的改進(jìn)。提出了基于SPA-IAHP的賦權(quán)方法,該方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于指標(biāo)間的相對重要程度以區(qū)間數(shù)的形式給出,克服了專家需要對相對重要程度做出精準(zhǔn)判斷的缺陷,避免了一致性檢驗(yàn),并運(yùn)用集對分析思想將區(qū)間數(shù)形式的權(quán)重轉(zhuǎn)化為精確值。(4)依托集對分析理論,建立了基于n元聯(lián)系數(shù)的系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)模型。通過對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級的判定以及對集對態(tài)勢和偏聯(lián)系數(shù)的分析,可以綜合評判出系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度及發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:With the increasing intensity of urban construction in our country, the number of projects under construction will continue to climb. In addition, with the emergence of high-rise buildings, underground buildings and giant buildings, the degree of fire risk of ongoing construction projects will increase. It is necessary to evaluate the fire risk of projects under construction because of the great casualties and property losses. By evaluating the fire risk of the project under construction, the fire risk factors can be identified systematically. It reveals all kinds of risk factors and the fire risk degree of the construction site as a whole, and provides decision basis for the construction manager to formulate fire safety measures in order to reduce the probability of fire accident and the loss caused by the fire accident. At the same time, the construction enterprises can improve the level of fire safety management; It can also provide support for engineering construction insurance industry to establish scientific and reasonable fire insurance rate. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the main works of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) based on the study of the fire cases in the construction project and the environment of the construction site, the causes of the fire in the construction project are analyzed concretely. This paper summarizes the fire characteristics of the construction project from the aspects of its own condition and construction fire safety management. (2) based on the analysis of the causes and characteristics of the fire in the construction project, Establishing the fire risk evaluation index system of the construction project in progress, further analyzing the necessity of the index, the importance analysis, the integrality analysis, the analysis of the index system structure "depth" and "exit degree", and the cluster analysis. Finally, a set of fire risk assessment systems suitable for ongoing construction projects were established, involving six major elements: fire source control, fire prevention capability, fire extinguishing capability, safety evacuation, fire safety management, and personnel factors. At the same time, each sub-index is explained and evaluated. (3) the defects and shortcomings of AHP in the application of weighting and its improvement are analyzed and summarized. A weighting method based on SPA-IAHP is proposed. The advantage of this method is that the relative importance of the index is given in the form of interval number, which overcomes the defect that experts need to make accurate judgment on the relative importance, and avoids the consistency test. Using the idea of set pair analysis, the weight of interval number form is transformed into accurate value. (4) based on set pair analysis theory, the system risk evaluation model based on n-ary connection number is established. By judging the risk level and analyzing the set pair situation and partial relation number, we can comprehensively judge the degree of risk and the development trend of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU998.1

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