【摘要】：隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化的不斷發(fā)展,建筑能耗在全社會能耗中所占比例不斷增加,推廣太陽能熱利用技術(shù)在民用建筑中的應(yīng)用,是實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能減排,促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效途徑。本課題對全玻璃真空管型太陽能熱水器和中溫真空管型太陽能集熱器兩種典型太陽能熱利用裝置的熱性能進(jìn)行了模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并對太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)在民用建筑中的應(yīng)用效果評價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了研究。首先,通過理論分析確定了影響全玻璃真空管型太陽能熱水器熱性能的主要因素。設(shè)計(jì)全玻璃真空管型太陽能熱水器的熱性能實(shí)驗(yàn)方法并研制開發(fā)了太陽能熱水器熱性能實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測裝置。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了單位面積容水量、真空管管間距、真空管長度、保溫厚度等參數(shù)對全玻璃真空管型太陽能熱水器熱性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)以上參數(shù)中單位面積容水量對日有用得熱量和日平均效率影響最大,單位面積容水量每增加10kg/m2,日有用得熱量增加0.53~1.56MJ/m2,日平均效率增加3.1%~9.2%。將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論應(yīng)用到太陽能熱水器改進(jìn)中取得了良好的效果,證明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論可用于指導(dǎo)全玻璃真空管型太陽能熱水器的設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)。其次,以直流式真空管型中溫太陽能集熱器作為典型中溫太陽能集熱器,采用控制容積平衡法建立了集熱器的熱性能模型并開發(fā)了迭代求解方法。隨后研制開發(fā)了中溫太陽能集熱器熱性能測試裝置,利用該測試裝置對某廠家生產(chǎn)的直流式真空管型中溫太陽能集熱器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),并與模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比發(fā)現(xiàn),模擬得到的截距比實(shí)驗(yàn)值高0.0426,相對偏差約5.9%,熱損系數(shù)增加了0.2140℃/(W·m-2),相對偏差約5.6%。所建立的模型得到了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,可用于直流式真空管型中溫太陽能集熱器熱性能的分析研究。再次,利用驗(yàn)證后的模型及其求解方法,模擬分析了影響中溫真空管型太陽能集熱器熱性能的主要因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)真空集熱管的吸熱板和玻璃外管間的輻射換熱是造成熱損失的主要原因。因此提出了在吸熱板背部增加遮熱板的方式提高中溫真空管型太陽能集熱器的熱性能。對改進(jìn)后的集熱器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),得到其瞬時(shí)效率曲線為*??0.7763?1.8617T,比改進(jìn)前截距升高了約7.2%,熱損系數(shù)大幅下降了50.9%。說明增加遮熱板對于降低直流式真空管型中溫太陽能集熱器的熱損失,提高集熱器的熱性能具有明顯作用。最后,本研究提出了更為適用的太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)評價(jià)方法,并應(yīng)用該方法對工程實(shí)例進(jìn)行測試和評價(jià)。該評價(jià)方法均衡考慮了技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)保指標(biāo),為太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行提供了參考,有助于推廣太陽能熱利用系統(tǒng)在民用建筑中廣泛、合理地應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization in China, the proportion of building energy consumption in the whole society is increasing. It is an effective way to realize energy saving and emission reduction of building and promote sustainable development by popularizing the application of solar energy thermal utilization technology in civil buildings. In this paper, the thermal performance of two kinds of typical solar energy utilization devices, all-glass vacuum tube solar water heater and medium-temperature vacuum tube solar collector, are simulated and experimentally studied. The evaluation method of application effect of solar thermal utilization system in civil buildings is also studied. Firstly, the main factors affecting the thermal performance of all-glass vacuum tube solar water heater are determined by theoretical analysis. The experimental method of thermal performance of all-glass vacuum tube solar water heater was designed and the thermal performance test device of solar water heater was developed. The effects of water capacity per unit area, vacuum tube spacing, length of vacuum tube and thickness of heat preservation on the thermal performance of all-glass vacuum tube solar water heater are analyzed experimentally. It is found that the capacity per unit area has the greatest influence on the daily available heat and the daily average efficiency, with the increase of 10 kg / m2 per unit area and 0.53% 1.56 MJ / m2 per day. The daily average efficiency increased by 3.1 and 9.2. The experimental results have been applied to the improvement of solar water heaters. It is proved that the experimental conclusions can be used to guide the design and development of all-glass vacuum tube solar water heaters. Secondly, taking the direct current vacuum tube type medium-temperature solar collector as the typical medium-temperature solar collector, the thermal performance model of the collector is established by using the control volume balance method and the iterative solution method is developed. Then, a test device for the thermal performance of medium-temperature solar collector is developed. The test device is used to test the direct-current vacuum tube type medium-temperature solar collector produced by a factory, and the results are compared with the simulation results. The calculated intercept is 0.0426 higher than the experimental value, the relative deviation is about 5.9, the heat loss coefficient is increased by 0.2140 鈩，

本文編號：2398635