【摘要】：三維激光掃描技術(shù)是國(guó)際上近期發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)高新技術(shù),又被稱(chēng)做實(shí)景復(fù)制技術(shù),是測(cè)繪領(lǐng)域繼GPS技術(shù)之后的一次技術(shù)革命。它無(wú)需接觸掃描文物表面,突破了傳統(tǒng)的單點(diǎn)測(cè)量方法,具有高效率、高精度的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。該技術(shù)作為獲取空間數(shù)據(jù)的有效手段,已越來(lái)越被人們所重視,其精確、快速、操作便捷等優(yōu)勢(shì)應(yīng)用在眾多領(lǐng)域,在工業(yè)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、文物修復(fù)、大型建筑物形變測(cè)量等方向發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本文主要闡述三維激光掃描技術(shù),作為一種全新的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù),它具有許多新的特性及功能,將該技術(shù)引入到變形監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域,并探索其在該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的應(yīng)用方法及理論,具有十分積極的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。此外就目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r以及國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀作出說(shuō)明,指出研究該技術(shù)的重要性。另對(duì)本實(shí)驗(yàn)所采用的Z+F三維激光掃描儀工作原理、點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)業(yè)處理給予仔細(xì)闡述。目前隨著三維激光掃描技術(shù)的成熟,已經(jīng)可以反映所要掃描古建筑物的整體面貌,在變形監(jiān)測(cè)單點(diǎn)定位方面進(jìn)行沉降分析,根據(jù)數(shù)次的掃描數(shù)據(jù)并利用開(kāi)源軟件Cloud Compare對(duì)比出圖,我們給出了被監(jiān)測(cè)建筑物對(duì)象的暴鼓、變形、沉降位移的變形情況,并基于最小二乘配置算法預(yù)測(cè)變形趨勢(shì),方便相關(guān)文物部門(mén)進(jìn)行后期遺址處理。由此可見(jiàn)三維激光掃描技術(shù)在古建筑文物變形監(jiān)測(cè)中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文的主要研究工作有:(1)研究了利用Z+F三維激光掃描儀來(lái)獲取大量原始三維點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),并將所獲得的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過(guò)Geomagic、Recap、Meshlab等不同軟件處理,轉(zhuǎn)化成適合于本文的二進(jìn)制ply文件格式。(2)研究了海龍屯掃描任務(wù)中點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)處理的內(nèi)業(yè)操作問(wèn)題,針對(duì)前后多期的掃描數(shù)據(jù),利用開(kāi)源軟件Cloud Compare對(duì)不同期掃描得出的點(diǎn)云三維面片進(jìn)行變形分析處理,利用八叉樹(shù)快速檢索數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比得到暴鼓、沉降、水平位移變形值。(3)在海龍屯飛鳳關(guān)外業(yè)操作過(guò)程中,利用前期實(shí)地測(cè)繪獲取的海量三維點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),本文提出采用最小二乘配置法擬合并推估出第六期變形數(shù)據(jù),配置問(wèn)題從理論上解決過(guò)去認(rèn)為未測(cè)點(diǎn)參數(shù)在平差中不可估的難題,計(jì)算觀測(cè)值和擬合值的協(xié)方差,并和實(shí)際采集的第六期各變形點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì),能夠較好吻合變形監(jiān)測(cè)曲線,驗(yàn)證了本文方法的有效性。就目前而言,針對(duì)形變分析沉降數(shù)據(jù)的處理和預(yù)報(bào),本文主要采用最小二乘配置法,由于這方面的研究尚未完全,具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和廣闊的研究發(fā)展空間。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new and high technology developed recently in the world, also known as real scene copying technology. It is a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping after GPS technology. It has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision because it breaks through the traditional method of single point measurement without touching and scanning the surface of cultural relics. As an effective means of obtaining spatial data, this technology has been paid more and more attention to. Its advantages of accuracy, rapidity and convenience of operation have been applied in many fields, such as industrial measurement system, cultural relic restoration, etc. Deformation measurement of large buildings plays an important role. This paper mainly describes the 3D laser scanning technology. As a new computer application technology, it has many new characteristics and functions. It is introduced into the field of deformation monitoring, and its application method and theory in this field are explored. It has very positive practical significance. In addition, the present development and the present situation at home and abroad are described, and the importance of studying this technology is pointed out. In addition, the working principle of Z F 3 D laser scanner and the processing of point cloud data are described in detail. At present, with the maturity of 3D laser scanning technology, it can already reflect the whole appearance of the ancient buildings to be scanned, and analyze the settlement in the deformation monitoring and single point positioning. According to the scanning data of several times and using the open source software Cloud Compare to compare the map, We give out the deformation of the monitored building object such as drum deformation and settlement displacement and predict the deformation trend based on the least square collocation algorithm so as to facilitate the related cultural relic department to deal with the later site. It can be seen that 3D laser scanning technology has a broad application prospect in the deformation monitoring of ancient buildings. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) A large number of original 3D point cloud data are obtained by using a ZF 3D laser scanner, and the obtained point cloud data are processed by different software such as Geomagic,Recap,Meshlab. Transform into binary ply file format suitable for this paper. (2) study the internal operation of point cloud data processing in Hailuntun scanning task. Using the open source software Cloud Compare to analyze the deformation of the point cloud 3D surface obtained by scanning at different time, and compare the data of octree quickly to get the drum and subsidence. (3) in the field operation of Hailongtun Feifeng Guan, using the massive 3D point cloud data obtained by field surveying and mapping, this paper puts forward the method of least square collocation to combine and estimate the sixth phase deformation data. The problem of collocation theoretically solves the problem that the parameters of unmeasured points can not be estimated in the adjustment, calculates the covariance of observed and fitting values, and compares with the data of each deformation point collected in the sixth period, which can be in good agreement with the deformation monitoring curve. The validity of this method is verified. At present, the method of least square collocation is mainly used to deal with and forecast the settlement data of deformation analysis. Because the research in this field is not complete, it has some practical significance and broad research and development space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU-87;TU196.1

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本文編號(hào)：2390199