【摘要】：高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)是一種應(yīng)用于高空作業(yè)的機(jī)械設(shè)備,廣泛用于航空航天、船舶工業(yè)、電力、建筑施工等多種行業(yè)的登高作業(yè)。未來船舶朝著大型化、現(xiàn)代化的方向發(fā)展,對(duì)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)的需求量快速增加,對(duì)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)的性能要求也越來越高。高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)工作斗作為工作人員進(jìn)行高空作業(yè)的平臺(tái),在工作中應(yīng)該時(shí)刻保持水平狀態(tài),以保證高空作業(yè)的安全進(jìn)行。本文針對(duì)船舶工業(yè)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái),對(duì)工作斗自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)研究。本文主要從以下方面進(jìn)行研究:首先比較了自重式、機(jī)械式、靜液壓式等多種工作斗調(diào)平方案,根據(jù)作業(yè)高度大于30m的直臂式高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)特點(diǎn),選擇了電液比例自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)方案。該調(diào)平方式精度高,穩(wěn)定性好,滯后小,進(jìn)行高空作業(yè)時(shí)安全可靠。其次根據(jù)船舶工業(yè)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)工作需求,對(duì)電液比例自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)開展研究和設(shè)計(jì),該系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立于整車液壓系統(tǒng)之外,僅依靠24V直流電供給能源,采用小型一體化泵站提供動(dòng)力,該系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行元件為兩臺(tái)齒輪齒條式擺動(dòng)液壓缸,控制元件為比例多路換向閥,系統(tǒng)元件少,重量輕,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。在完成電液比例自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)的原理設(shè)計(jì)與元件選型后,建立了該系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了初步分析;并利用AMESim軟件對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)的自主調(diào)平控制性能進(jìn)行了仿真分析,得到了影響系統(tǒng)調(diào)平性能的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù),以及改善系統(tǒng)調(diào)平性能的方向。然后設(shè)計(jì)了工作斗自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證平臺(tái)。該試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)主要用于對(duì)工作斗自主調(diào)平系統(tǒng)的調(diào)平性能進(jìn)行測試研究,以發(fā)現(xiàn)該調(diào)平系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際工況中所存在的問題。最后基于EPEC控制器和Codesys編程語言對(duì)系統(tǒng)的自主調(diào)平控制軟硬件開展了研究與設(shè)計(jì),以符合工程機(jī)械控制系統(tǒng)的商用規(guī)范。該系統(tǒng)控制功能主要包括:臂架變幅功能、工作斗調(diào)平功能、工作斗防碰撞功能、故障報(bào)警功能、超載報(bào)警功能和實(shí)時(shí)通訊。
[Abstract]:Aerial work platform is a kind of mechanical equipment used in aerial work, widely used in aerospace, ship industry, electric power, building construction and other industries. In the future, ships will develop in the direction of large-scale and modernization. The demand for aerial work platforms will increase rapidly, and the performance requirements of aerial work platforms will become more and more high. The work bucket of aerial work platform, as a platform for staff to carry out aerial work, should be kept in a horizontal state at all times in order to ensure the safety of aerial work. In this paper, the automatic leveling system of working bucket is designed and studied on the platform of marine industry. This paper mainly studies from the following aspects: first, compared the self-weight type, the mechanical type, the hydrostatic type and so on many kinds of work bucket leveling plan, according to the work height above 30m straight arm type aerial work platform characteristic, The scheme of electro-hydraulic proportional self-leveling system is selected. It has high precision, good stability, low lag, and is safe and reliable in high altitude operation. Secondly, according to the working demand of marine industry aerial work platform, the electro-hydraulic proportional self-leveling system is studied and designed. The system is independent of the hydraulic system of the whole vehicle and only relies on 24V DC to supply energy. A small integrated pumping station is used to provide power. The actuator of the system is two gear rack type swing hydraulic cylinder and the control element is proportional multi-way reversing valve. The system has less components, light weight and compact structure. After completing the principle design of the electro-hydraulic proportional independent leveling system and the selection of the components, the mathematical model of the system is established, and the stability of the system is preliminarily analyzed. The self-leveling control performance of hydraulic system is simulated and analyzed by using AMESim software. Several key parameters affecting the leveling performance of the hydraulic system and the direction of improving the leveling performance of the system are obtained. Then, the test and verification platform of work bucket self-leveling system is designed. The test platform is mainly used to test and study the leveling performance of the work bucket autonomous leveling system, in order to find out the problems existing in the actual working condition of the leveling system. Finally, based on EPEC controller and Codesys programming language, the software and hardware of autonomous leveling control system are studied and designed to meet the commercial specification of construction machinery control system. The control function of the system mainly includes: arm amplitude change function, work bucket leveling function, work bucket anti-collision function, fault alarm function, overload alarm function and real-time communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH211.6

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