【摘要】：長期以來,嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)的風(fēng)環(huán)境一直是影響著村民冬季室外舒適度的重要因素。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展和科技的進步,人們對舒適度的關(guān)注逐漸由室內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)向室外,綠化作為改善室外風(fēng)環(huán)境的有效手段,越來越受到人們的重視。然而,目前對于綠化的防風(fēng)效果的研究,無論從評價指標、規(guī)劃意識還是預(yù)測工具等層面都缺乏較為科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)的研究;此外,針對特定地域、氣候及季節(jié)特征的相關(guān)研究也很匱乏。針對上述不足,本文展開了以下研究。首先,本文針對嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)的風(fēng)環(huán)境和綠化現(xiàn)狀進行了一系列基礎(chǔ)研究,包括問卷調(diào)查、現(xiàn)場實測和文獻查閱;并在此基礎(chǔ)上,明確了綠化對風(fēng)環(huán)境的影響機理及評價標準,為論文的進一步展開奠定基礎(chǔ)。其次,借助ENVI-met軟件,模擬并分析了四種常見的村鎮(zhèn)綠化形式(防風(fēng)林、行道樹、廣場綠化以及院落綠化)在不同參數(shù)設(shè)置條件下(孔隙率、三圍尺寸、組合形式、間距、風(fēng)向角等)的防風(fēng)效果,為防風(fēng)綠化在工程實踐中的應(yīng)用提供設(shè)計依據(jù)。最后,論文結(jié)合村鎮(zhèn)居住組團的基本布局形式(行列式、圍合式、散點式),模擬并總結(jié)出基于不同布局形式的防風(fēng)設(shè)計方法;并在此基礎(chǔ)上,進一步將設(shè)計方法擴展應(yīng)用到村鎮(zhèn)實例,通過對村鎮(zhèn)進行綠化防風(fēng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計和模擬驗證,最終提出嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)特有的冬季綠化防風(fēng)設(shè)計策略,為適應(yīng)于特定季節(jié)和地域的村鎮(zhèn)綠化防風(fēng)設(shè)計提供借鑒。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)防風(fēng)林的林帶長度在100m-180m范圍內(nèi)變化,寬度大于等于14m,高度為10m時,防風(fēng)效果較為理想;且在一定范圍內(nèi),適當(dāng)增加林帶長度和寬度,以及沿風(fēng)向增大林帶高度,均有助于增強防風(fēng)效果。適當(dāng)增大喬木枝干的疏密度,可以改善行道樹的防風(fēng)效果,且株距為6m左右較合適,此外,在喬木間隙栽植灌木,有助于增大防風(fēng)效果。在廣場的四角設(shè)置綠化開口可以取得較好的風(fēng)環(huán)境,且當(dāng)冬季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向垂直于廣場長邊時這一優(yōu)勢更加明顯。庭院綠化主要為落葉灌木,其防風(fēng)效果和建筑相比較弱,且后院綠化的防風(fēng)效果最好。論文綜合運用了模擬、分析、對比的方法,為預(yù)測和評價嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)冬季綠化防風(fēng)效果奠定了基礎(chǔ),驗證了模擬指導(dǎo)設(shè)計的理念在綠化規(guī)劃領(lǐng)域的可行性。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the windy environment of villages and towns in cold areas has been an important factor affecting outdoor comfort in winter. With the development of urbanization and the progress of science and technology, people's concern for comfort has gradually shifted from indoor to outdoor. As an effective means to improve outdoor wind environment, greening has been paid more and more attention by people. However, there is a lack of scientific and systematic research on the wind-proof effects of greening in terms of evaluation indicators, planning awareness and forecasting tools. Studies on climate and seasonal characteristics are also scarce. In view of the above deficiencies, this paper carried out the following research. First of all, this paper has carried on a series of basic research to the windy environment and the greening present situation of the villages and towns in the cold area, including the questionnaire survey, the on-the-spot measurement and the literature reference, and on this basis, has made clear the influence mechanism and the appraisal standard of the greening to the windy environment. It lays the foundation for the further development of the thesis. Secondly, with the help of ENVI-met software, the paper simulates and analyzes four common forms of village and town greening (windbreak forest, road tree, square greening and yard greening) under different parameter setting conditions (porosity, BWH size, combination form, spacing). The wind-proof effect provides the design basis for the application of wind-proof greening in engineering practice. Finally, the paper simulates and summarizes the wind-proof design method based on different layout forms, combining with the basic layout forms (determinant, enclosure, scattered point) of the village and town residential group, and on this basis, Furthermore, the design method is extended to the example of villages and towns. Through the optimization design and simulation of the wind-proof design of the towns and villages, the wind-proof design strategy of winter greening in the cold areas is put forward. It can be used for reference for the wind-proof design of village and town greening suitable for special season and region. It is found that the wind-proof effect is better when the length of windbreak forest is in the range of 100m-180m, the width is more than 14m and the height is 10m, and in a certain range, the length and width of the forest belt should be increased appropriately, and the height of the forest belt will be increased along the wind direction. Are helpful to enhance the wind-proof effect. Increasing the density of tree branches properly can improve the wind-proof effect of the street trees, and the tree spacing is about 6 m. In addition, planting shrubs between trees is helpful to increase the wind-proof effect. Setting greening openings in the four corners of the square can obtain a better wind environment, and this advantage is more obvious when the dominant wind direction is perpendicular to the long side of the square in winter. The main greening of the courtyard is deciduous shrub, and its wind-proof effect is weaker than that of the building, and the windproof effect of the backyard greening is the best. The method of simulation, analysis and contrast is used comprehensively in this paper, which lays a foundation for forecasting and evaluating wind-proof effect of winter greening in villages and towns in severe cold areas, and verifies the feasibility of the idea of simulation guiding design in the field of greening planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU119;TU985.12

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