電滲析預(yù)處理用于水中溶解性有機(jī)鹵的檢測(cè)方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-19 20:13
【摘要】：給水廠末端常規(guī)消毒工藝產(chǎn)生的消毒副產(chǎn)物(DBPs)具有致畸、致癌和致突變等效應(yīng),對(duì)人類健康構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。但是DBPs含量僅占溶解性有機(jī)鹵(DOX)的30%左右,大量未知的DOX有待研究。然而,國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有DOX檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)利用活性炭分離DOX和無機(jī)鹵(DIX)可能造成有機(jī)物流失和還原等問題,導(dǎo)致DOX檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確性降低。為了解決以上問題,本課題使用電滲析作為DOX與DIX的分離裝置,通過研究電滲析過程中DIX去除的影響因素及DOX的保留效果等內(nèi)容,減少DOX檢測(cè)誤差,為DOX的檢測(cè)提供一種操作簡單、試驗(yàn)條件要求低和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的方法。電滲析過程中負(fù)一價(jià)鹵素離子去除影響研究表明:隨著電壓從0 V增加到30 V,鹵素離子去除率從13%達(dá)到100%。V/S值從6 cm降到1.7 cm,無機(jī)鹵素去除率從38%升高到100%。在1和10 mg/L的初始濃度條件下,負(fù)一價(jià)鹵素離子在90 min時(shí)的去除率均可達(dá)98%以上。不同雜質(zhì)離子存在條件下,多價(jià)態(tài)雜質(zhì)離子比一價(jià)態(tài)雜質(zhì)離子對(duì)氟離子去除影響嚴(yán)重。鹵素離子去除最佳試驗(yàn)條件為電壓30 V、V/S為1.7 cm、電解質(zhì)為0.1 mol/L的碳酸氫鈉溶液、流速5 m L/min、鋁板、異相離子交換膜、運(yùn)行時(shí)間90 min。電滲析過程中有機(jī)物保留率效果研究表明:苯酚類有機(jī)物的平均保留率為83%,且2,4,6-三鹵苯酚的保留率低于對(duì)鹵苯酚的保留率。鹵甲烷類有機(jī)物平均保留率為77%,鹵乙腈類有機(jī)物平均保留率為93%,鹵乙酸類有機(jī)物平均保留率小于5%。CH3不改變苯酚的保留率,鄰位F取代可使苯酚保留率減少9%。電滲析過程中,流失的對(duì)氟苯酚有2/3吸附在膜上,1/3透過膜;流失的乙酸全部吸附在膜上。DIX與DOX混合時(shí)DOX保留效果研究表明:隨著DIX/TX從0增大到0.9和DOX濃度從10 mg/L降低到2 mg/L,DOX保留率受DIX的影響程度在增加。實(shí)際水體中有機(jī)物的保留率為60%~90%,自來水、湖水和廢水中有機(jī)物的保留情況不受外加1和10 mg/L鹵素離子的影響,空氣水在外加鹵素離子濃度為10 mg/L條件下有機(jī)物的保留率降低了10%,增加1和10 mg/L鹵素離子使雨水中的有機(jī)物保留率降低了10%~15%。
[Abstract]:The disinfection by-product (DBPs) produced by the conventional disinfection process at the end of the water plant has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, which pose a serious threat to human health. However, the content of DBPs is only about 30% of the dissolved organic halogen (DOX), a large number of unknown DOX need to be studied. However, the existing DOX detection standards at home and abroad using activated carbon to separate DOX and inorganic halogen (DIX) may lead to the loss and reduction of organic matter, which leads to the reduction of the accuracy of DOX detection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses electrodialysis as the separation device of DOX and DIX. By studying the influence factors of DIX removal and the retention effect of DOX in the process of electrodialysis, the detection error of DOX is reduced. To provide a simple operation, low test conditions and economical method for DOX detection. The study on the effect of negative monovalent halogen ion removal during electrodialysis shows that with the increase of voltage from 0 V to 30 V, the removal rate of halogen ions decreases from 13% to 100%.V/S from 6 cm to 1.7 cm, and the removal rate of inorganic halogen increases from 38% to 100%. Under the initial concentration of 1 and 10 mg/L, the removal rate of negative monovalent halogen ions can reach over 98% at 90 min. In the presence of different impurity ions, the effect of multivalent impurity ions on fluoride removal is more serious than that of monovalent impurity ions. The optimum test conditions for halogen ion removal are as follows: voltage 30 V / S = 1.7 cm, electrolyte = 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, flow rate 5 mL / min, aluminum plate, heterogeneous ion exchange membrane, operating time 90 min. The results showed that the average retention rate of phenolic compounds was 833, and the retention rate of 2C4C6- trihalophenol was lower than that of halogenated phenol. The average retention rate of halogenated organic compounds was 77 and that of halogen acetonitrile was 93. The average retention rate of haloacetic acid was less than that of 5%.CH3 without changing the retention rate of phenol. During electrodialysis, the loss of p-fluorophenol was 2 / 3 adsorbed on the membrane and 1 / 3 through the membrane. When DIX and DOX were mixed, the retention efficiency of DOX increased with the increase of DIX/TX from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The effect of DIX on the retention rate of DOX was increased with the increase of DIX/TX concentration from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The retention rate of organic matter in the actual water was 60 and 90. The retention of organic matter in tap water, lake water and wastewater was not affected by the addition of 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions. The retention rate of organic matter in air water decreased by 10% when the concentration of halogen ion was 10 mg/L, and the retention rate of organic matter in Rain Water was decreased by 10% and 10 mg/L after adding 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
本文編號(hào)：2282238
[Abstract]:The disinfection by-product (DBPs) produced by the conventional disinfection process at the end of the water plant has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, which pose a serious threat to human health. However, the content of DBPs is only about 30% of the dissolved organic halogen (DOX), a large number of unknown DOX need to be studied. However, the existing DOX detection standards at home and abroad using activated carbon to separate DOX and inorganic halogen (DIX) may lead to the loss and reduction of organic matter, which leads to the reduction of the accuracy of DOX detection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses electrodialysis as the separation device of DOX and DIX. By studying the influence factors of DIX removal and the retention effect of DOX in the process of electrodialysis, the detection error of DOX is reduced. To provide a simple operation, low test conditions and economical method for DOX detection. The study on the effect of negative monovalent halogen ion removal during electrodialysis shows that with the increase of voltage from 0 V to 30 V, the removal rate of halogen ions decreases from 13% to 100%.V/S from 6 cm to 1.7 cm, and the removal rate of inorganic halogen increases from 38% to 100%. Under the initial concentration of 1 and 10 mg/L, the removal rate of negative monovalent halogen ions can reach over 98% at 90 min. In the presence of different impurity ions, the effect of multivalent impurity ions on fluoride removal is more serious than that of monovalent impurity ions. The optimum test conditions for halogen ion removal are as follows: voltage 30 V / S = 1.7 cm, electrolyte = 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, flow rate 5 mL / min, aluminum plate, heterogeneous ion exchange membrane, operating time 90 min. The results showed that the average retention rate of phenolic compounds was 833, and the retention rate of 2C4C6- trihalophenol was lower than that of halogenated phenol. The average retention rate of halogenated organic compounds was 77 and that of halogen acetonitrile was 93. The average retention rate of haloacetic acid was less than that of 5%.CH3 without changing the retention rate of phenol. During electrodialysis, the loss of p-fluorophenol was 2 / 3 adsorbed on the membrane and 1 / 3 through the membrane. When DIX and DOX were mixed, the retention efficiency of DOX increased with the increase of DIX/TX from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The effect of DIX on the retention rate of DOX was increased with the increase of DIX/TX concentration from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The retention rate of organic matter in the actual water was 60 and 90. The retention of organic matter in tap water, lake water and wastewater was not affected by the addition of 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions. The retention rate of organic matter in air water decreased by 10% when the concentration of halogen ion was 10 mg/L, and the retention rate of organic matter in Rain Water was decreased by 10% and 10 mg/L after adding 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
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