電滲析預處理用于水中溶解性有機鹵的檢測方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-19 20:13
【摘要】：給水廠末端常規(guī)消毒工藝產生的消毒副產物(DBPs)具有致畸、致癌和致突變等效應,對人類健康構成嚴重威脅。但是DBPs含量僅占溶解性有機鹵(DOX)的30%左右,大量未知的DOX有待研究。然而,國內外現(xiàn)有DOX檢測標準利用活性炭分離DOX和無機鹵(DIX)可能造成有機物流失和還原等問題,導致DOX檢測準確性降低。為了解決以上問題,本課題使用電滲析作為DOX與DIX的分離裝置,通過研究電滲析過程中DIX去除的影響因素及DOX的保留效果等內容,減少DOX檢測誤差,為DOX的檢測提供一種操作簡單、試驗條件要求低和經濟實惠的方法。電滲析過程中負一價鹵素離子去除影響研究表明:隨著電壓從0 V增加到30 V,鹵素離子去除率從13%達到100%。V/S值從6 cm降到1.7 cm,無機鹵素去除率從38%升高到100%。在1和10 mg/L的初始濃度條件下,負一價鹵素離子在90 min時的去除率均可達98%以上。不同雜質離子存在條件下,多價態(tài)雜質離子比一價態(tài)雜質離子對氟離子去除影響嚴重。鹵素離子去除最佳試驗條件為電壓30 V、V/S為1.7 cm、電解質為0.1 mol/L的碳酸氫鈉溶液、流速5 m L/min、鋁板、異相離子交換膜、運行時間90 min。電滲析過程中有機物保留率效果研究表明:苯酚類有機物的平均保留率為83%,且2,4,6-三鹵苯酚的保留率低于對鹵苯酚的保留率。鹵甲烷類有機物平均保留率為77%,鹵乙腈類有機物平均保留率為93%,鹵乙酸類有機物平均保留率小于5%。CH3不改變苯酚的保留率,鄰位F取代可使苯酚保留率減少9%。電滲析過程中,流失的對氟苯酚有2/3吸附在膜上,1/3透過膜;流失的乙酸全部吸附在膜上。DIX與DOX混合時DOX保留效果研究表明:隨著DIX/TX從0增大到0.9和DOX濃度從10 mg/L降低到2 mg/L,DOX保留率受DIX的影響程度在增加。實際水體中有機物的保留率為60%~90%,自來水、湖水和廢水中有機物的保留情況不受外加1和10 mg/L鹵素離子的影響,空氣水在外加鹵素離子濃度為10 mg/L條件下有機物的保留率降低了10%,增加1和10 mg/L鹵素離子使雨水中的有機物保留率降低了10%~15%。
[Abstract]:The disinfection by-product (DBPs) produced by the conventional disinfection process at the end of the water plant has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, which pose a serious threat to human health. However, the content of DBPs is only about 30% of the dissolved organic halogen (DOX), a large number of unknown DOX need to be studied. However, the existing DOX detection standards at home and abroad using activated carbon to separate DOX and inorganic halogen (DIX) may lead to the loss and reduction of organic matter, which leads to the reduction of the accuracy of DOX detection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses electrodialysis as the separation device of DOX and DIX. By studying the influence factors of DIX removal and the retention effect of DOX in the process of electrodialysis, the detection error of DOX is reduced. To provide a simple operation, low test conditions and economical method for DOX detection. The study on the effect of negative monovalent halogen ion removal during electrodialysis shows that with the increase of voltage from 0 V to 30 V, the removal rate of halogen ions decreases from 13% to 100%.V/S from 6 cm to 1.7 cm, and the removal rate of inorganic halogen increases from 38% to 100%. Under the initial concentration of 1 and 10 mg/L, the removal rate of negative monovalent halogen ions can reach over 98% at 90 min. In the presence of different impurity ions, the effect of multivalent impurity ions on fluoride removal is more serious than that of monovalent impurity ions. The optimum test conditions for halogen ion removal are as follows: voltage 30 V / S = 1.7 cm, electrolyte = 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, flow rate 5 mL / min, aluminum plate, heterogeneous ion exchange membrane, operating time 90 min. The results showed that the average retention rate of phenolic compounds was 833, and the retention rate of 2C4C6- trihalophenol was lower than that of halogenated phenol. The average retention rate of halogenated organic compounds was 77 and that of halogen acetonitrile was 93. The average retention rate of haloacetic acid was less than that of 5%.CH3 without changing the retention rate of phenol. During electrodialysis, the loss of p-fluorophenol was 2 / 3 adsorbed on the membrane and 1 / 3 through the membrane. When DIX and DOX were mixed, the retention efficiency of DOX increased with the increase of DIX/TX from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The effect of DIX on the retention rate of DOX was increased with the increase of DIX/TX concentration from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The retention rate of organic matter in the actual water was 60 and 90. The retention of organic matter in tap water, lake water and wastewater was not affected by the addition of 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions. The retention rate of organic matter in air water decreased by 10% when the concentration of halogen ion was 10 mg/L, and the retention rate of organic matter in Rain Water was decreased by 10% and 10 mg/L after adding 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU991.2
本文編號：2282238
[Abstract]:The disinfection by-product (DBPs) produced by the conventional disinfection process at the end of the water plant has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, which pose a serious threat to human health. However, the content of DBPs is only about 30% of the dissolved organic halogen (DOX), a large number of unknown DOX need to be studied. However, the existing DOX detection standards at home and abroad using activated carbon to separate DOX and inorganic halogen (DIX) may lead to the loss and reduction of organic matter, which leads to the reduction of the accuracy of DOX detection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses electrodialysis as the separation device of DOX and DIX. By studying the influence factors of DIX removal and the retention effect of DOX in the process of electrodialysis, the detection error of DOX is reduced. To provide a simple operation, low test conditions and economical method for DOX detection. The study on the effect of negative monovalent halogen ion removal during electrodialysis shows that with the increase of voltage from 0 V to 30 V, the removal rate of halogen ions decreases from 13% to 100%.V/S from 6 cm to 1.7 cm, and the removal rate of inorganic halogen increases from 38% to 100%. Under the initial concentration of 1 and 10 mg/L, the removal rate of negative monovalent halogen ions can reach over 98% at 90 min. In the presence of different impurity ions, the effect of multivalent impurity ions on fluoride removal is more serious than that of monovalent impurity ions. The optimum test conditions for halogen ion removal are as follows: voltage 30 V / S = 1.7 cm, electrolyte = 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, flow rate 5 mL / min, aluminum plate, heterogeneous ion exchange membrane, operating time 90 min. The results showed that the average retention rate of phenolic compounds was 833, and the retention rate of 2C4C6- trihalophenol was lower than that of halogenated phenol. The average retention rate of halogenated organic compounds was 77 and that of halogen acetonitrile was 93. The average retention rate of haloacetic acid was less than that of 5%.CH3 without changing the retention rate of phenol. During electrodialysis, the loss of p-fluorophenol was 2 / 3 adsorbed on the membrane and 1 / 3 through the membrane. When DIX and DOX were mixed, the retention efficiency of DOX increased with the increase of DIX/TX from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The effect of DIX on the retention rate of DOX was increased with the increase of DIX/TX concentration from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The retention rate of organic matter in the actual water was 60 and 90. The retention of organic matter in tap water, lake water and wastewater was not affected by the addition of 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions. The retention rate of organic matter in air water decreased by 10% when the concentration of halogen ion was 10 mg/L, and the retention rate of organic matter in Rain Water was decreased by 10% and 10 mg/L after adding 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU991.2
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