【摘要】：鋼筋混凝土水池在供水系統(tǒng)中承擔(dān)著凈水、儲水的重要功能,是典型的儲液結(jié)構(gòu)。裂縫的出現(xiàn)會加速鋼筋銹蝕、降低結(jié)構(gòu)耐久性,且結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中裂縫寬度限值很大程度上決定了配筋量。水池在地震作用下易出現(xiàn)裂縫,裂縫可能導(dǎo)致儲液滲漏,造成水池服務(wù)功能下降甚至喪失,并在一定程度上影響整個系統(tǒng)的功能。震后儲液結(jié)構(gòu)的裂縫開展情況及由此導(dǎo)致儲液滲漏程度是評判水池地震破壞等級的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前,已有研究成果表明,混凝土裂縫在與水接觸條件下會發(fā)生自愈使原有裂縫寬度減小,水池由于儲水為裂縫的自愈提供了必要條件。因此,應(yīng)考慮承載力、耐久性、服務(wù)功能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、裂縫自愈性能及震后維修加固可行性等因素綜合確定水池結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和地震破壞等級劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的裂縫限值。儲液結(jié)構(gòu)在地震作用下存在液固耦合效應(yīng)且液體會發(fā)生晃動,儲液的存在改變了結(jié)構(gòu)的動力特性和地震響應(yīng)。水池結(jié)構(gòu)除受到結(jié)構(gòu)本身慣性力和靜水壓力外,其底部和側(cè)壁還承受液體在垂直壁面方向上產(chǎn)生的動水壓力。水池在抗震設(shè)計中需考慮液面晃動和動水壓力的影響�，F(xiàn)階段,對鋼筋混凝土水池裂縫自愈性能、滲漏特性及水池在地震作用下的液固耦合動力特性和地震響應(yīng)的研究尚不完善。本文通過鋼筋混凝土水池壁板彎曲裂縫和貫通裂縫自愈、滲漏試驗研究混凝土裂縫的自愈性能及滲漏特性,采用大型有限元軟件ADINA進(jìn)行圓形水池地震響應(yīng)分析,研究液固耦合系統(tǒng)的動力特性、儲液晃動、動水壓力及破壞特征等。論文主要完成了如下工作:(1)設(shè)計并完成了鋼筋混凝土水池壁板彎曲裂縫和貫通裂縫的自愈及滲漏試驗。進(jìn)行了材料性能試驗;對靜水環(huán)境中彎曲微裂縫、流動水環(huán)境中貫通裂縫的自愈性能進(jìn)行了測試,給出了彎曲微裂縫在靜水環(huán)境中短期內(nèi)的自愈合寬度,證實了貫通裂縫在流動水環(huán)境中仍會發(fā)生自愈合;在裂縫上施加實際水頭作用測試了彎曲裂縫和貫通裂縫的滲漏特性,研究了彎曲裂縫寬度、受壓區(qū)高度及作用水頭對液體滲漏的影響,分析了貫通裂縫水的滲漏率與累計時間和水頭高度之間的關(guān)系。通過試驗得到裂縫特性與自愈及滲漏之間的關(guān)系,為水池結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和地震破壞等級劃分提供參考。(2)對地面式圓形水池進(jìn)行了液固耦合動力特性分析,液固耦合系統(tǒng)包括剛體模態(tài)、儲液晃動模態(tài)和液固耦聯(lián)振動模態(tài)3種形式。研究了儲水高度、水池半徑、液體表面重力波對液固耦合系統(tǒng)動力特性的影響。此外,對比了圓形水池儲液晃動頻率的理論和有限元計算結(jié)果,驗證了模型的可靠性,且推導(dǎo)得到圓形水池儲液晃動基本周期計算公式。(3)分析了單向水平地震作用下不同水池半徑、不同儲水高度圓形水池的液面最大晃動波高,擬合得到了圓形水池單向地震作用下的液面最大晃動波高計算公式。公式可用于儲液結(jié)構(gòu)地震作用下的最大晃動波高估計和儲液結(jié)構(gòu)最大晃動波高設(shè)計。結(jié)合儲液結(jié)構(gòu)長周期抗震設(shè)計反應(yīng)譜和阻尼比修正系數(shù),提出了儲水水池液面最大晃動波高計算方法。(4)研究了單向水平地震作用下,不同水池半徑、不同儲水高度圓形水池池壁、底板環(huán)向和徑向位置的動水壓力數(shù)值及分布情況,并與理論計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比;分析了地震動峰值加速度、儲水高度、水池半徑對動水壓力的影響;確定了對流壓力與脈沖壓力的疊加方法;擬合得到對流壓力、脈沖壓力及動水壓力計算公式;結(jié)合底板環(huán)向動水壓力分布,綜合給出單向水平地震作用下圓形水池動水壓力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,與較復(fù)雜的理論計算方法和僅考慮脈沖壓力的規(guī)范法相比,計算更簡便且與實際相符。此外,還分析了液面和池底動水壓力的時程變化。(5)進(jìn)行了雙向水平地震動作用下圓形水池的地震響應(yīng)分析,提取了液面最大晃動波高和動水壓力計算結(jié)果;基于單向水平地震動作用下的響應(yīng)結(jié)果,通過合理的組合方式給出了雙向水平地震動作用下的液面最大晃動波高和動水壓力計算公式,建立了雙向水平地震作用下儲水水池液面最大晃動波高和動水壓力計算方法;并對雙向水平地震作用下圓形水池地震破壞特征和易損性進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:The reinforced concrete pool has the important function of water purification and water storage in the water supply system, and it is a typical liquid storage structure. The occurrence of cracks will accelerate the corrosion of the steel bars, reduce the structural durability, and determine the amount of reinforcement in the structural design to a great extent. The water pool is prone to crack under the action of earthquake, which may lead to the leakage of the reservoir, which may cause the deterioration and even loss of the service function of the pool, and to some extent affect the function of the whole system. The crack development of reservoir structure after earthquake and the degree of leakage of reservoir are the main criteria for judging the seismic damage grade of pool. At present, the research results show that self-healing of concrete crack under the contact with water makes the width of the original crack decrease, and the water reservoir provides the necessary condition for self-healing of the crack due to water storage. Therefore, consideration should be given to the factors such as bearing capacity, durability, service function, economy, crack self-healing property and feasibility of post-earthquake maintenance and reinforcement. The liquid storage structure has a liquid-solid coupling effect under the action of earthquake and sloshing of the liquid, and the existence of the reservoir changes the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the structure. in addition to that inertia force and hydrostatic pressure of the structure itself, the basin structure also bear the dynamic water pressure generated in the vertical wall surface direction of the liquid in the vertical wall surface direction. The water pool needs to consider the influence of liquid level sloshing and dynamic water pressure in anti-seismic design. At the present stage, it is not perfect to study the self-healing properties, leakage characteristics and the hydrodynamic characteristics of liquid-solid coupling and seismic response of the pool under earthquake action. In this paper, the self-healing properties and leakage characteristics of concrete cracks are studied by bending crack and through-crack self-healing and leakage test of reinforced concrete pool wall plate, and large-scale finite element software ADINA is used to analyze the seismic response of circular pool. The dynamic characteristics of liquid-solid coupling system and the sloshing of reservoir are studied. Dynamic water pressure and destruction characteristics, etc. The paper mainly completes the following work: (1) design and complete the self-healing and leakage test of the bending crack and the through crack of the reinforced concrete pool wall panel. In this paper, the self-healing properties of penetrating cracks in micro-cracks and flowing water environment are tested. The self-healing width of the micro-cracks in the short term is given, and the self-healing of the through-cracks in the flowing water environment is confirmed. The leakage characteristics of bending crack and through-crack are tested by applying the actual water head on the crack, and the influence of the bending crack width, the height of the compression zone and the water head on the leakage of the liquid is studied, and the relationship between the leakage rate of the through-crack water and the accumulated time and the head height is analyzed. The relationship between fracture characteristic and self-healing and leakage is obtained by experiment, which provides reference for the design of pool structure and classification of earthquake damage grade. (2) Fluid-solid coupling dynamic characteristic analysis is carried out on the ground circular pool, and the liquid-solid coupling system includes three types of rigid-body mode, liquid storage sloshing mode and liquid-solid coupling vibration mode. The influence of water storage height, pool radius and gravity wave on the dynamic characteristics of liquid-solid coupling system was studied. In addition, the theoretical and finite element calculation results of the sloshing frequency of the circular pool reservoir are compared, the reliability of the model is verified, and the calculation formula of the basic period of sloshing the reservoir of the circular pool is derived. (3) The maximum sloshing wave height of the circular pool with different water storage heights under the action of one-way horizontal earthquake is analyzed, and the calculation formula of the maximum sloshing wave height of the liquid surface under the one-way earthquake action of the circular pool is obtained. The formula can be used for the maximum sloshing wave height estimation and the maximum sloshing wave height design of the liquid storage structure under the earthquake action of the liquid storage structure. In this paper, the maximum sloshing wave height calculation method for the liquid level of the water storage tank is put forward in combination with the long-period anti-seismic design reaction spectrum of the liquid storage tank and the correction coefficient of the water storage tank. (4) The numerical value and distribution of dynamic water pressure at different pool radius, different water storage height circular pool, bottom plate ring and radial position under one-way horizontal earthquake are studied, and compared with the theoretical calculation results, the peak acceleration and water storage height of ground motion are analyzed. The influence of pool radius on dynamic water pressure is determined; the superposition method of convective pressure and pulse pressure is determined; the calculation formula of convection pressure, pulse pressure and dynamic water pressure is obtained by fitting; combined with the distribution of dynamic water pressure of bottom plate ring, The standard value of dynamic water pressure of circular pool under the action of one-way horizontal earthquake is given, and compared with the complicated theoretical calculation method and the standard method considering only pulse pressure, the calculation is more convenient and consistent with reality. In addition, the time-course change of the dynamic water pressure at the liquid level and the bottom of the tank was also analyzed. and (5) carrying out the seismic response analysis of the circular water tank under the action of bi-directional horizontal vibration, extracting the calculation result of the maximum sloshing wave height and the dynamic water pressure of the liquid surface, The maximum sloshing wave height and dynamic water pressure calculation formula of the liquid surface under two-way horizontal earthquake are given by reasonable combination method, and the calculation method of maximum sloshing wave height and dynamic water pressure of the water storage tank under the action of bi-directional horizontal earthquake is established. The seismic damage characteristics of circular pool under the action of bi-directional horizontal earthquake are also analyzed.
【作者單位】： 中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所;
【分類號】：TU991.343;TU375

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