城市內(nèi)澇積水量計算模型研究與應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-23 14:27
【摘要】：城市內(nèi)澇的產(chǎn)流、匯流、積水集一體的計算模型是城市防洪規(guī)劃，，排水管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計，積水點治理的理論依據(jù)。根據(jù)我國國情，對解決城市內(nèi)澇需要更換城市排水系統(tǒng)是不現(xiàn)實的，城市各區(qū)域的防洪能力是不同的，一個城市形成的內(nèi)澇主要表現(xiàn)在局部的點區(qū)域，研究這些點區(qū)域的積水深度，對治理城市內(nèi)澇具有很大的意義。 本文針對這種情況，在前人研究的產(chǎn)匯流計算模型基礎(chǔ)上，加了積水計算模型，對城市雨水的產(chǎn)流、匯流、積水的計算方法及模型的構(gòu)建等方面作了系統(tǒng)的分析。通過理論論證和模型的檢驗與應(yīng)用，主要取得如下研究成果： (1)通過對城市暴雨多種產(chǎn)流計算方法的分析比較，得出對于城市地面由多種下墊面組成的不透水區(qū)，產(chǎn)流計算可采用徑流系數(shù)法，不同下墊面對應(yīng)不同系數(shù)。徑流系數(shù)法計算城市地表不透水區(qū)的產(chǎn)流，計算方法簡單，結(jié)果較精確；對于城市地表透水區(qū)的計算采用研究區(qū)的實驗下滲率計算。 (2)通過對城市暴雨地表匯流計算方法的分析比較，本文采用瞬時單位線法對城市地表匯流進(jìn)行計算。瞬時單位線法是指，均勻分布的單位凈雨在無窮小時段流域上所形成的流域出口斷面的地面徑流過程線，反映了區(qū)域匯流特征，參數(shù)個數(shù)較少。 (3)管網(wǎng)匯流計算復(fù)雜，本文采用截流系數(shù)計算被雨口截流的雨量，截流系數(shù)的選擇通過計算及參照前人研究成果綜合確定。截流效率與雨強(qiáng)、道路的縱向坡度、橫向坡度、路面粗糙度、道路的寬度和長度，雨水口的形式、數(shù)量及大小有關(guān)。超越雨水口的雨量稱為超越雨量，會在下游低洼處匯集，形成積水。 (4)積水量W相當(dāng)于小水庫容積V計算，只是超過排水能力的積水量不是蓄在水庫中而是貯于地面洼地之中，這里的調(diào)洪是雨水口泄水調(diào)洪。 (5)建立了由地表產(chǎn)流、地表匯流、管網(wǎng)匯流、積水構(gòu)成的城市內(nèi)澇積水計算模型。通過對模型的驗證與應(yīng)用，結(jié)果表明：模型的結(jié)構(gòu)是合理的，計算結(jié)果符合實際，不僅能較真實的反映城市地表徑流量過程線，還能計算出積水區(qū)域的積水深度。模型的建立為城市內(nèi)澇的治理提供了理論依據(jù)，使整個城市的內(nèi)澇治理，變成局部積水點的治理，經(jīng)濟(jì)節(jié)約。
[Abstract]:The calculation model of urban waterlogging is the theoretical basis of urban flood control planning, drainage pipe network design and water accumulation control.According to the national conditions of our country, it is unrealistic to replace the urban drainage system to solve urban waterlogging.The flood control ability of each urban area is different, and the main waterlogging table formed by a city is different. At present, it is of great significance to study the depth of water accumulation in local point areas for controlling urban waterlogging.
In this paper, basing on the calculation model of runoff yield and runoff confluence studied by predecessors, a calculation model of accumulated water is added to systematically analyze the runoff yield, convergence, calculation method of accumulated water and the construction of the model.
(1) Through the analysis and comparison of various runoff yield calculation methods for urban rainstorm, it is concluded that the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas composed of various underlying surfaces, and the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas of urban surface. The calculation of urban surface permeability area is based on the experimental infiltration rate in the study area.
(2) By analyzing and comparing the calculation methods of urban storm surface confluence, this paper uses the instantaneous unit line method to calculate urban surface confluence. The number is less.
(3) The calculation of pipe network confluence is very complicated. In this paper, the interception coefficient is used to calculate the rainfall intercepted by the rain mouth. The selection of interception coefficient is determined by calculation and referring to previous research results. The rainfall at the mouth of the rainy mouth is called excess rainfall, which converges at the lower reaches of the lower reaches to form stagnant water.
(4) The water storage W is equivalent to the volume V of a small reservoir, but the water storage exceeding the drainage capacity is not stored in the reservoir but in the surface depression, where the flood control is the discharge of rainwater.
(5) Establish a calculation model of urban waterlogging and water accumulation consisting of surface runoff, surface confluence, pipe network confluence and water accumulation. The results show that the structure of the model is reasonable and the calculation results accord with the reality. It can not only reflect the urban surface runoff process line more truly, but also calculate the water depth of the water accumulation area. The establishment of the model provides a theoretical basis for the control of urban waterlogging, so that the whole city's waterlogging control, into a local point of water management, economic saving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU992
本文編號：2199346
[Abstract]:The calculation model of urban waterlogging is the theoretical basis of urban flood control planning, drainage pipe network design and water accumulation control.According to the national conditions of our country, it is unrealistic to replace the urban drainage system to solve urban waterlogging.The flood control ability of each urban area is different, and the main waterlogging table formed by a city is different. At present, it is of great significance to study the depth of water accumulation in local point areas for controlling urban waterlogging.
In this paper, basing on the calculation model of runoff yield and runoff confluence studied by predecessors, a calculation model of accumulated water is added to systematically analyze the runoff yield, convergence, calculation method of accumulated water and the construction of the model.
(1) Through the analysis and comparison of various runoff yield calculation methods for urban rainstorm, it is concluded that the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas composed of various underlying surfaces, and the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas of urban surface. The calculation of urban surface permeability area is based on the experimental infiltration rate in the study area.
(2) By analyzing and comparing the calculation methods of urban storm surface confluence, this paper uses the instantaneous unit line method to calculate urban surface confluence. The number is less.
(3) The calculation of pipe network confluence is very complicated. In this paper, the interception coefficient is used to calculate the rainfall intercepted by the rain mouth. The selection of interception coefficient is determined by calculation and referring to previous research results. The rainfall at the mouth of the rainy mouth is called excess rainfall, which converges at the lower reaches of the lower reaches to form stagnant water.
(4) The water storage W is equivalent to the volume V of a small reservoir, but the water storage exceeding the drainage capacity is not stored in the reservoir but in the surface depression, where the flood control is the discharge of rainwater.
(5) Establish a calculation model of urban waterlogging and water accumulation consisting of surface runoff, surface confluence, pipe network confluence and water accumulation. The results show that the structure of the model is reasonable and the calculation results accord with the reality. It can not only reflect the urban surface runoff process line more truly, but also calculate the water depth of the water accumulation area. The establishment of the model provides a theoretical basis for the control of urban waterlogging, so that the whole city's waterlogging control, into a local point of water management, economic saving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU992
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