【摘要】：隨著軌道交通的高速發(fā)展,交通噪音污染問(wèn)題越來(lái)越凸顯,人們對(duì)吸音降噪材料的研究也不斷深入。陶粒這種綠色環(huán)保材料,因?yàn)榫邆淞己玫奈艄δ芏鴤涫苋藗兊年P(guān)注。利用陶粒制成的多孔吸音材料具有質(zhì)量輕,吸聲性能、耐久性、防火性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),符合交通運(yùn)輸線特別是城市地鐵線使用要求,因此越來(lái)越受到研發(fā)人員的青睞。本文以陶粒、水泥為主要原材料,添加聚丙烯纖維和外加劑等,通過(guò)混合、攪拌、壓制、養(yǎng)護(hù)等工藝制作綠色環(huán)保的吸音材料。整個(gè)研究過(guò)程包括選擇原材料,擬定配合比,研究分析成品材料的吸聲性能、力學(xué)性能、耐久性能和防火性能,進(jìn)一步調(diào)整、優(yōu)化配合比,保證吸音材料多孔輕質(zhì),體積密度在1200~1400kg/m3之間;保證材料達(dá)到高性能吸音材料要求,且降噪系數(shù)(NRC)達(dá)到國(guó)家Ⅱ級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即0.6≤NRC≤0.8;保證材料滿足地鐵軌道板承載要求:28d抗壓強(qiáng)度≥8.0MPa,28d抗折強(qiáng)度≥2.0MPa;保證材料耐久性、防火性達(dá)到國(guó)家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo),主要開(kāi)展了以下內(nèi)容的研究工作:(1)優(yōu)選原材料:通過(guò)試驗(yàn)比較陶粒物理力學(xué)性能,選擇堆積密度低,吸水率低、筒壓強(qiáng)度高的陶粒作為吸音材料的原材料。(2)吸音材料初始配合比設(shè)計(jì):通過(guò)控制吸聲材料的密度指標(biāo)并考慮強(qiáng)度因素,調(diào)整陶粒、水泥、水、纖維、減水劑用量,形成初始配合比,即陶粒用量為65%~60%,水泥用量為35%~40%,水灰比為0.19,減水劑摻量為1.2%,纖維摻量為0.3%,按初始配合比制成了密度在1220~1430 kg/m3范圍內(nèi),7d抗壓強(qiáng)度在7.4~11.3MPa內(nèi)的陶粒吸音材料。(3)研究吸音材料力學(xué)性能,以初始配合比為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)試驗(yàn)分析陶粒與水泥比例、粗細(xì)陶粒比例、水泥標(biāo)號(hào)、纖維摻量對(duì)力學(xué)性能的影響,進(jìn)一步控制強(qiáng)度和密度指標(biāo),調(diào)整陶粒粒徑和級(jí)配,優(yōu)化配合比,得到陶粒用量為60%(其中粗細(xì)陶粒的比例為30:70~50:50之間),其他材料用量和參數(shù)不變,可以制成的材料密度在1300kg/m3左右,7d抗壓強(qiáng)度值在9MPa左右的陶粒吸音材料,達(dá)到吸音材料的技術(shù)要求。(4)研究吸音材料吸聲性能,采用駐波管法對(duì)材料吸聲系數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試,分析陶粒粒徑、材料密度、材料厚度、纖維含量對(duì)吸聲系數(shù)的影響。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),粒徑增大,材料吸聲系數(shù)峰值點(diǎn)向低頻段方向移動(dòng);密度增大,吸聲系數(shù)有所降低,但是低頻段吸聲系數(shù)略有提高;厚度增大,材料吸聲系數(shù)有所提高,特別是低頻段吸聲系數(shù)提高較為明顯;當(dāng)粗陶粒粒徑為6~8mm、細(xì)陶粒粒徑為2~4mm、材料密度在1200~1300 kg/m3之間、厚度為100mm、纖維添加量在0.3%附近時(shí)能最大程度的提高材料吸聲系數(shù)。所研制的吸音材料經(jīng)測(cè)試屬于高性能吸音材料,降噪系數(shù)(NRC)達(dá)到了國(guó)家吸聲性能等級(jí)Ⅱ級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(NRC)≥0.6。采用圓管理論分析各因素對(duì)材料吸聲性能的影響,與試驗(yàn)分析對(duì)比結(jié)果是吻合的。(5)測(cè)試吸音材料使用性能,包括抗凍融性能和防火性能,保證技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本吸音材料設(shè)計(jì)抗凍等級(jí)F200,在經(jīng)歷200次凍融循環(huán)后,材料的質(zhì)量損失率為3.7%,相對(duì)動(dòng)彈性模量為82.4%,滿足國(guó)際對(duì)材料抗凍融性能的要求,在自然環(huán)境下能夠正常使用;同時(shí),通過(guò)燃燒測(cè)試,吸音材料質(zhì)量損失率△m=9.4%,小于規(guī)范規(guī)定值50%;爐內(nèi)平均溫升△T=6℃,小于規(guī)范規(guī)定值30℃;試樣持續(xù)燃燒時(shí)間為t=0,滿足規(guī)定值要求;總?cè)紵礟CS=0.47,低于規(guī)定值2.0;因此吸音材料的燃燒性能達(dá)到國(guó)家A1級(jí),滿足地鐵吸音材料對(duì)防火性能的要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of rail transit, the problem of traffic noise pollution is becoming more and more prominent, and the research on sound-absorbing and noise-reducing materials is deepening. Ceramsite, a green environmental protection material, attracts people's attention because of its sound-absorbing function. In this paper, ceramsite, cement as the main raw material, polypropylene fiber and additives are added, through mixing, stirring, pressing, curing and other processes to produce green sound-absorbing materials. Select raw materials, formulate mix proportion, study and analyze the sound absorption performance, mechanical properties, durability and fire resistance of the finished materials, further adjust and optimize the mix proportion, ensure that the sound absorption material porous light weight, volume density between 1200-1400kg/m3; ensure that the material meets the requirements of high-performance sound absorption materials, and noise reduction coefficient (NRC) meets the national level II standards. In order to achieve the above objectives, the following research work has been carried out: (1) Optimizing raw materials: Compressive strength of 28 days (> 8.0 MPa), flexural strength of 28 days (> 2.0 MPa), durability of materials, fire resistance to meet the relevant national standards. (2) Initial mix proportion design of sound-absorbing materials: through controlling density index of sound-absorbing materials and considering strength factors, adjusting the dosage of ceramsite, cement, water, fiber, water reducer, the initial mix ratio is formed, that is, the dosage of ceramsite is 65% ~ 60%, the dosage of cement is 3%. 5%~40%, water cement ratio is 0.19, water reducer is 1.2%, fiber is 0.3%. According to the initial mix proportion, ceramsite sound absorbing materials with density in the range of 1220~1430 kg/m3 and compressive strength in the range of 7.4~11.3 MPa for 7 days are prepared. (3) The mechanical properties of sound absorbing materials are studied. Based on the initial mix ratio, the ratio of ceramsite to cement and the ratio of coarse to fine ceramsite are analyzed through experiments. By further controlling the strength and density index, adjusting the grain size and gradation of ceramsite and optimizing the mixing ratio, the amount of ceramsite is 60% (the proportion of coarse and fine ceramsite is 30:70-50:50), and other materials and parameters are unchanged. The density of the material can be made is about 1300 kg/m3, and the compressive strength is about 7 days. (4) The sound absorption properties of the materials were studied, and the sound absorption coefficient was measured by standing wave tube method. The influence of the particle size, material density, material thickness and fiber content on the sound absorption coefficient was analyzed. When the density increases, the sound absorption coefficient decreases, but the sound absorption coefficient increases slightly in the low frequency band; when the thickness increases, the sound absorption coefficient increases, especially in the low frequency band; when the coarse ceramsite particle size is 6-8 mm, the fine ceramsite particle size is 2-4 mm, the material density is between 1200-1300 kg/m3, and the thickness is between 1200-1300 kg/m3. The sound absorption coefficient of the material can be improved to the greatest extent when the fiber content is about 0.3%. The sound absorption material developed in this paper belongs to the high performance sound absorption material. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) reaches the national sound absorption grade II standard: (NRC) > 0.6. (5) Testing the performance of sound-absorbing materials, including freeze-thaw resistance and fire resistance, to ensure that the technical indicators meet the national standards. This sound-absorbing material design freeze-thaw resistance grade F200, after 200 freeze-thaw cycles, the material mass loss rate is 3.7%, the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity is 82.4%, to meet the international anti-freeze-thaw performance of materials. Requirements, in the natural environment can be used normally; at the same time, through combustion testing, sound absorption material mass loss rate (?) M = 9.4%, less than 50% of the specified value; furnace average temperature rise (?) T = 6 (?) C), less than the specified value of 30 (?); sample continuous combustion time (?) t = 0, to meet the specified value requirements; total combustion value PCS = 0.47, less than the specified value of 2.0; therefore, sound absorption material The combustion performance of the material reaches the national A1 level, and meets the requirements of the subway sound absorbing material for fire resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU552

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