【摘要】：在全球氣候變暖的大背景下,近幾十年來(lái),極端天氣事件發(fā)生的頻率明顯提升,其中極端降雨引起的城市內(nèi)澇在我國(guó)各城市頻繁發(fā)生,給人民群眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成了嚴(yán)重影響。城市雨水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)是城市的重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之一,擔(dān)負(fù)著收集和排除雨水的職責(zé)。過(guò)去,我國(guó)大部分城市雨水管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)重現(xiàn)期一般為1~3年,而超過(guò)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降雨事件就極可能造成城市的內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害。然而一些小城市設(shè)計(jì)重現(xiàn)期一般在0.5~1年之間,加上小城市排水設(shè)施建設(shè)落后和應(yīng)急管理能力不足,內(nèi)澇問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)就更加頻繁。如何有效地改善城市的排水系統(tǒng),預(yù)防內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,已經(jīng)成為政府重視,百姓關(guān)心的重點(diǎn)民生問(wèn)題。由于傳統(tǒng)排水管網(wǎng)的計(jì)算往往是采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法,這種方法在計(jì)算過(guò)程中做了比較多的概化,并且計(jì)算過(guò)程只考慮峰值流量,未考慮整體全過(guò)程。相比傳統(tǒng)方法,利用軟件模擬法得到的結(jié)果更加準(zhǔn)確、全面。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下。1.城市內(nèi)澇的成因分析。內(nèi)澇成因主要分自然因素和人為因素。2.雨水管網(wǎng)基本信息的整理。首先,通過(guò)地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)等軟件將管線普查資料進(jìn)行加工,再利用鴻業(yè)CAD軟件將普查資料轉(zhuǎn)化成為鴻業(yè)CAD文件。雨水管網(wǎng)基本信息的收集、整理、錄入是建立內(nèi)澇模擬模型過(guò)程中最為費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的工作,也是對(duì)模型精度影響極大的一項(xiàng)工作。3.雨水管網(wǎng)信息的轉(zhuǎn)化。應(yīng)用AMIAS軟件對(duì)浙江省E市的雨水管網(wǎng)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,轉(zhuǎn)化為Mike Urban能夠識(shí)別的格式。雨水管網(wǎng)信息的整理和轉(zhuǎn)化是后續(xù)建模工作的基礎(chǔ)。4.雨水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)澇模擬模型建立。以浙江省E市雨水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)為實(shí)例,根據(jù)E市的雨水系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀,利用Mike Urban軟件,建立E市的雨水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)澇模擬模型。首先,確定雨水管網(wǎng)模型所需的基本參數(shù),其次,進(jìn)行集水區(qū)的劃分和連接,再次,確定降雨邊界條件,最后完成產(chǎn)流模型和管流模型的建立。5.雨水現(xiàn)狀管網(wǎng)排水能力校核及內(nèi)澇模擬。計(jì)算不同重現(xiàn)期時(shí)自由出流和淹沒(méi)出流情況下,雨水檢查井的溢流量,根據(jù)E市雨水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)澇模型模擬的結(jié)果,得到各種工況下城市排水系統(tǒng)的表現(xiàn),判斷內(nèi)澇分布情況,找出存在的易澇點(diǎn)。6.排水內(nèi)澇規(guī)劃制訂。根據(jù)雨水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)澇模擬模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果,做出有針對(duì)性的雨水管網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,并擬定出解決城市內(nèi)澇的短期應(yīng)急方案和長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)方案。7.提出解決城市內(nèi)澇問(wèn)題的對(duì)策及建議。
[Abstract]:In the context of global warming, the frequency of extreme weather events has increased significantly in recent decades, among which the urban waterlogging caused by extreme rainfall occurs frequently in various cities in China. The safety of life and property of the people has been seriously affected. Urban rainwater network system is one of the important infrastructure of the city, which is responsible for collecting and eliminating Rain Water. In the past, the design recurrence period of rainwater pipe network in most cities of China was generally 1 ~ 3 years, but rainfall events above this standard are likely to cause urban waterlogging disaster. However, the recurrence period of design in some small cities is generally within 0.5 ~ 1 years. In addition, the drainage facilities construction in small cities is backward and the emergency management capacity is insufficient, so the problem of waterlogging appears more frequently. How to effectively improve the urban drainage system and prevent the occurrence of waterlogging disaster has become a key livelihood issue that the government attaches importance to and people are concerned about. Because the traditional drainage pipe network is often calculated by empirical formula method, this method is more general in the calculation process, and the calculation process only takes into account the peak flow, not the whole process. Compared with the traditional method, the results obtained by software simulation method are more accurate and comprehensive. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows. 1. Analysis of the causes of urban waterlogging. The causes of waterlogging mainly include natural factors and human factors. The arrangement of basic information of rainwater pipe network. Firstly, the pipeline survey data is processed by GIS software, and then the census data is transformed into Hongye CAD file by using Hongye CAD software. Collecting, sorting and inputting the basic information of rainwater pipe network is the most time-consuming and laborious work in the process of establishing the waterlogging simulation model, and it is also a work that has a great influence on the model precision. Transformation of rainwater network information. The rainwater pipe network in E City of Zhejiang Province was pretreated with Amis software and transformed into a format that Mike Urban could recognize. The collation and transformation of rainwater network information is the foundation of subsequent modeling work. The waterlogging simulation model of rainwater pipe network is established. Taking the rainwater pipe network system of E city in Zhejiang province as an example, according to the present situation of Rain Water system in E city, using the software of Mike Urban, the waterlogging simulation model of rainwater pipe network in E city is established. First, determine the basic parameters required for the rainwater network model, secondly, divide and connect the catchment area, thirdly, determine the rainfall boundary conditions, and finally complete the establishment of runoff production model and pipe flow model .5. Rain Water current drainage capacity check and waterlogging simulation. In the case of free discharge and submerged discharge in different recurrence periods, the overflow of Rain Water inspection well is calculated. According to the simulation results of the waterlogging model of rainwater pipe network in E city, the performance of urban drainage system under various working conditions is obtained, and the distribution of waterlogging is judged. Find out the waterlogging point. 6. Drainage and waterlogging planning is formulated. According to the calculation results of the waterlogging simulation model of the rainwater pipe network, this paper makes the targeted rainwater network planning, and draws out the short-term emergency plan and long-term sustainable plan to solve the urban waterlogging. The countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem of urban waterlogging are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU992.01

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