本文選題：居住小區(qū) + 綠地布局��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：綠地作為改善城市物理環(huán)境的重要措施之一,在城市綠地規(guī)劃和景觀生態(tài)效益方面受到了廣泛關(guān)注,但在綠化對(duì)微氣候的影響方面缺乏定量的研究。居住小區(qū)作為城市建成環(huán)境的重要組成部分,其內(nèi)部綠地布局對(duì)微氣候的影響有著重要的研究意義。當(dāng)前針對(duì)綠地微氣候效益的研究側(cè)重于綠化數(shù)量,而對(duì)綠化結(jié)構(gòu)的考慮較少。在現(xiàn)有研究的微氣候評(píng)價(jià)中,熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)占主導(dǎo),而風(fēng)環(huán)境、人體熱舒適性、空氣質(zhì)量等領(lǐng)域并未得到足夠的關(guān)注。隨著數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的發(fā)展,以ENVI-met為代表的城市微氣候模擬軟件得到了越來越多的運(yùn)用。本文通過提取居住區(qū)典型綠地形態(tài)和綠地量化指標(biāo),以ENVI-met為模擬平臺(tái)建立模型,基于數(shù)值統(tǒng)計(jì),從熱環(huán)境、風(fēng)環(huán)境、熱舒適性和顆粒物濃度四個(gè)方面對(duì)不同綠地布局下的微氣候進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)和比較。其中涉及到的問題有綠地量化指標(biāo)定義、綠地布局案例選取、模型參數(shù)設(shè)置、模擬結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)整理。主要工作及研究結(jié)論如下：(1)針對(duì)中心綠地和宅間綠地兩種綠地類型建立多種比較模型,確定綠地量化指標(biāo)并用于綠地布局描述。涉及的綠地量化指標(biāo)包括：地面綠化率、綠化覆蓋率、綠化容積率、生態(tài)綠化容積率、景觀分離度指數(shù)、偏離度指數(shù)。(2)引入室外熱舒適性指標(biāo),并針對(duì)不同指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了綜述和比較。從指標(biāo)與溫度、平均輻射溫度等環(huán)境參數(shù)的關(guān)系出發(fā)研究其準(zhǔn)確性,為PMV指標(biāo)的運(yùn)用提供了準(zhǔn)確性依據(jù)。(3)介紹微氣候軟件ENVI-met的主要特點(diǎn)和數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)植物葉面積密度、污染源排放速率等各項(xiàng)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置。(4)應(yīng)用ENVI-met進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,從溫度、風(fēng)速、熱舒適性、PM10濃度四個(gè)方面評(píng)價(jià)微氣候。研究結(jié)果表明生態(tài)綠化容積率和綠地在白天的降溫效果和熱舒適性成正相關(guān),與風(fēng)速和PM10濃度成負(fù)相關(guān)。宅間綠地喬木斑塊景觀分離度指數(shù)與綠地的平均降溫效果和除塵(PM10)能力成負(fù)相關(guān),與風(fēng)速成正相關(guān)。中心綠地喬木斑塊景觀分離度指數(shù)越高,綠地單個(gè)斑塊面積越小,其降溫強(qiáng)度越低,但不影響綠地平均降溫水平和熱舒適區(qū)面積；分離度指數(shù)越高,喬木導(dǎo)致的居住區(qū)內(nèi)局部低風(fēng)速區(qū)越多,不利于綠地下風(fēng)向PM10濃度的降低。中心綠地下喬木斑塊偏離度指數(shù)越小,綠地降溫效果越好,對(duì)風(fēng)速削弱越強(qiáng),但與平均熱舒適性和PM10濃度無明顯關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:As one of the important measures to improve the urban physical environment, green space has received extensive attention in urban green space planning and landscape ecological benefits, but there is a lack of quantitative research on the impact of greening on microclimate. Residential district as an important part of urban built environment, its internal green space layout on the impact of microclimate has an important significance. At present, the study on the microclimate benefit of green space is focused on the amount of greening, but less on the structure of greening. In the microclimate assessment, thermal environment evaluation is dominant, while wind environment, human thermal comfort, air quality and other fields have not been paid enough attention to. With the development of numerical simulation technology, urban microclimate simulation software, represented by ENVI-met, has been applied more and more. In this paper, by extracting the typical green form and quantification index of green space in residential area, taking ENVI-met as the simulation platform to establish the model, based on the numerical statistics, from the thermal environment, wind environment, The microclimate under different green space layout was evaluated and compared in four aspects: thermal comfort and particle concentration. The problems involved include the definition of quantification index of green space, the selection of green space layout case, the setting of model parameters, and the data arrangement of simulation results. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) aiming at the two types of green space, the central green space and the house green space, a variety of comparative models are established to determine the quantification index of green space and to describe the layout of green space. The quantitative indexes involved include: green rate, green coverage rate, green volume ratio, ecological green volume ratio, landscape separation index, deviation index. (2) introducing outdoor thermal comfort index. Different indexes are summarized and compared. Based on the relationship between the index and the environmental parameters such as temperature, mean radiation temperature and so on, the accuracy of the index is studied. (3) the main characteristics and mathematical model of the microclimate software ENVI-met are introduced, and the density of plant leaf area is discussed. (4) using ENVI-met numerical simulation, the microclimate was evaluated from four aspects: temperature, wind speed, thermal comfort and PM10 concentration. The results showed that the volume ratio of ecological greening was positively correlated with the cooling effect and thermal comfort of green space during the day, but negatively correlated with wind speed and PM10 concentration. The landscape separation index of Arbor patches was negatively correlated with the average cooling effect of green space and the ability of dust removal (PM10), and positively correlated with the wind speed. The higher the landscape separation index of Arbor patch is, the smaller the patch area is, and the lower the cooling intensity is, but the lower the average cooling level and the area of thermal comfort zone are, the higher the separation index is. The number of local low wind speed areas caused by trees is more, which is not conducive to the decrease of wind direction PM10 concentration under green space. The smaller the tree patch deviation index is under the central green space, the better the cooling effect is, and the stronger the weakening of wind speed is, but there is no significant relationship with the average thermal comfort and PM10 concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU985.125;TU119

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