本文選題：木結(jié)構(gòu) + 傳統(tǒng)民居　； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以榫卯節(jié)點(diǎn)為特征的傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民居中分布最廣泛、既存數(shù)量最多的民居結(jié)構(gòu)形式,并且在建筑形式上靈活多樣,種類(lèi)繁多。由于木結(jié)構(gòu)民居主要依靠工匠個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)建造,加之材料選擇隨意,長(zhǎng)期以往木構(gòu)件腐朽、蟲(chóng)蛀等原因,總體上這些房屋年久失修,安全現(xiàn)狀堪憂。近年來(lái)的震害調(diào)研表明,有相當(dāng)部分木結(jié)構(gòu)民居在8度以上烈度區(qū)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重破壞,甚至整體散架解體。此外,木結(jié)構(gòu)民居的圍護(hù)墻體與木結(jié)構(gòu)主體之間往往缺乏連接,由于自身穩(wěn)定性較差,地震時(shí)也非常容易倒塌。因此,針對(duì)木結(jié)構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)民居的抗震加固技術(shù)研究十分緊迫。本文以此為背景,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與成果如下:論文通過(guò)對(duì)北京市門(mén)頭溝區(qū)某木結(jié)構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)民居的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)繪,針對(duì)其安全性與耐久性方面存在的不足,提出了加固及保護(hù)措施,并以民居原型作為研究對(duì)象,按照1/2縮尺制作了房屋模型,按照設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)該模型房屋進(jìn)行了加固,對(duì)加固后的房屋模型進(jìn)行了模擬地震振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)房屋的主體承重結(jié)構(gòu)為傳統(tǒng)抬梁式木結(jié)構(gòu),圍護(hù)墻體為土坯墻砌筑。論文采取的主要加固措施包括:對(duì)土坯墻體內(nèi)外采用嵌槽設(shè)置配筋砂漿帶進(jìn)行加固,并與木結(jié)構(gòu)可靠拉結(jié);對(duì)木節(jié)點(diǎn)采用扁鐵、薄鐵片和角鋼加固;在木結(jié)構(gòu)抬梁位置設(shè)置水平剪刀撐。通過(guò)大比例房屋模型制作,證明以上抗震加固措施在施工方面簡(jiǎn)單可行,具有很好的可操作性。論文對(duì)該模型房屋在遭受6度設(shè)防地震到8.5度罕遇地震下的破壞情況及地震反應(yīng)做了詳細(xì)記錄。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在土坯墻上嵌槽設(shè)置配筋砂漿帶后,土坯墻體在小震時(shí)開(kāi)裂較少,大震時(shí)無(wú)大的貫通裂縫出現(xiàn),且沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)土坯脫落或墻體外閃現(xiàn)象,說(shuō)明配筋砂漿帶較大幅度提高了墻體自身的承載能力與穩(wěn)定性,并且對(duì)土坯墻體的變形有良好約束,主體承重木結(jié)構(gòu)由于與土坯墻體之間可靠連接,且兩者之間協(xié)同工作,相互支撐,房屋的整體性有了很大增強(qiáng);木結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)點(diǎn)及連接部位加固后在大震時(shí),節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)出“咯吱咯吱”的聲音,但節(jié)點(diǎn)只發(fā)生輕微的變形,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)大的破壞,說(shuō)明節(jié)點(diǎn)加固措施有效;在木結(jié)構(gòu)抬梁位置設(shè)置水平剪刀撐后,加載過(guò)程中模型沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)局部或整體失穩(wěn)破壞,說(shuō)明加固措施增強(qiáng)了木結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性及穩(wěn)定性。綜上,通過(guò)模擬地震振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn),說(shuō)明論文所提的抗震加固措施簡(jiǎn)單有效,完全適用于該類(lèi)型木結(jié)構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)民居的抗震加固,加固后的房屋可以實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行規(guī)范規(guī)定的8度區(qū)“小震不壞、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震設(shè)防目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The traditional wood structure, characterized by tenon and joint, is the most widely distributed and the largest number of residential structures in China, and the architectural forms are flexible and diverse. Because the wooden structure dwelling mainly depends on the craftsman's personal experience to build, in addition to the material choice random, the long-term past wood component decay, the insect moth and so on reason, in general these houses are in disrepair, the safety present situation is worried. The earthquake damage investigation in recent years shows that a considerable number of wood-structure residential buildings in the intensity area above 8 degrees caused serious damage, and even the whole collapse. In addition, there is a lack of connection between the retaining wall and the main body of the wooden structure, and it is easy to collapse during earthquake because of its poor stability. Therefore, it is very urgent to study the seismic reinforcement technology of traditional wood structure houses. Based on this background, the main research contents and achievements are as follows: through surveying and mapping a traditional wooden structure house in Mentougou District of Beijing, the paper puts forward reinforcement and protection measures in view of its shortcomings in safety and durability. The model is made according to the scale of 1 / 2 scale, and the model is strengthened according to the design. The shaking table test of the reinforced model is carried out. The main load-bearing structure of the experimental building is the traditional beam-type wooden structure, and the retaining wall is masonry for the adobe wall. The main reinforcement measures adopted in this paper include: strengthening the adobe wall with slotted mortar band inside and outside the adobe wall and connecting with the wood structure reliably, strengthening the wood joint with flat iron, thin iron sheet and angle steel; The horizontal scissors brace is arranged in the position of the wooden structure lifting beam. It is proved that the above aseismic reinforcement measures are simple and feasible in construction and have good maneuverability by making large scale building models. In this paper, the damage and seismic response of this model house under the earthquake of 6 degrees fortification to 8.5 degrees are recorded in detail. The test results show that after the reinforced mortar band is set up on the adobe wall, the cracks of the adobe wall are less during the small earthquake, and there is no big through crack during the strong earthquake, and there is no phenomenon of the abscission of the adobe or the external flash of the wall. It shows that the reinforced mortar belt can greatly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the wall itself, and has good constraints on the deformation of the adobe wall. The main load-bearing wood structure is connected reliably with the adobe wall, and the two structures work together. Support each other, the integrity of the building has been greatly enhanced; the joints and connections of the wooden structure strengthened after a strong earthquake, the nodes made a "crunching" sound, but the node only slightly deformed, there was no major damage. The results show that the joint reinforcement measures are effective, and after the horizontal shear bracing is set in the position of the lifting beam of the wood structure, there is no local or overall instability failure in the model during the loading process, which indicates that the strengthening measures enhance the integrity and stability of the wood structure. In summary, through the shaking table test of simulated earthquake, it is shown that the seismic reinforcement measures proposed in this paper are simple and effective, and are fully applicable to the seismic reinforcement of traditional residential buildings of this type of wood structure. The reinforced buildings can achieve the seismic fortification target of "small earthquake is not bad, moderate earthquake can be repaired, and large earthquake can not fall", which is stipulated in the current code of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU366.2;TU352.11

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