發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-01 10:34

  本文選題：煙葉烘烤 + 熱泵性能　； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是一個(gè)煙草大國,燃煤烘烤是很長時(shí)期內(nèi)廣泛應(yīng)用的烤煙方式。燃煤消耗對能源與環(huán)境日益加重的壓力致使煙葉烘烤亟待拓展節(jié)能減排的新途徑。熱泵干燥是一項(xiàng)逐漸成熟且綠色環(huán)保的新技術(shù),然而其在煙葉烘烤領(lǐng)域的研究并不十分完善。國內(nèi)外關(guān)于干燥環(huán)節(jié)上的熱泵研究主要集中在提升熱泵機(jī)組性能與拓展輔助熱源聯(lián)合供熱兩方面。在改善控制方式、應(yīng)用高效干燥介質(zhì)、化學(xué)熱泵、吸收式熱泵等提升熱泵制熱性能的方面已經(jīng)有了較為豐碩的成果;在聯(lián)合式干燥、太陽能輔助能源的研究方面也取得了較大的進(jìn)展。鑒于烘烤過程的大量排濕,熱濕回收的研究也不斷推陳出新。從部分熱風(fēng)循環(huán)到熱濕空氣梯級利用;從簡單換熱器的熱量交換到熱泵機(jī)組熱濕回收;如今又發(fā)展到烤房群的聯(lián)合供熱。之前的研究存在一些不足。強(qiáng)調(diào)單一因素對于熱泵機(jī)組制熱性能的影響,淡化制熱工況中其它因素的影響作用;大多研究以生產(chǎn)每千克干煙葉的成本評價(jià)干燥系統(tǒng)優(yōu)劣,難以準(zhǔn)確表征系統(tǒng)綜合性能。論文從實(shí)際的烘烤過程出發(fā),考察結(jié)合熱濕回收技術(shù)的熱泵烘烤較之燃煤烘烤的節(jié)能效益,分析影響熱泵制熱性能的因素,提出滿足烘烤工藝要求下熱泵機(jī)組的性能應(yīng)用公式。在巫山煙區(qū)建立實(shí)驗(yàn)測試平臺(tái),與仿真計(jì)算結(jié)果相互印證。首先,建立烤房能耗模型并進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算的對比。利用De ST軟件建立了位于重慶市沙坪壩裝煙量(鮮煙葉)為4 000kg的燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房與熱泵保溫烤房(均默認(rèn)帶有熱濕回收系統(tǒng))的數(shù)值化模型,動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷計(jì)算表明,熱泵保溫烤房與燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房的熱負(fù)荷峰值分別為32.78k W與37.60k W,熱泵保溫烤房中保溫材料的應(yīng)用有效降低了熱負(fù)荷峰值約15.4%,對降低機(jī)組容量,提升機(jī)組逐時(shí)負(fù)荷率有積極作用。進(jìn)一步能耗計(jì)算表明,烘烤一次(裝入鮮煙葉4000kg,烤后干煙葉800kg)熱泵保溫烤房平均耗電628.04 k W?h,燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房平均耗電260.00 k W?h,耗煤573.34kg,結(jié)合重慶地區(qū)物價(jià)人力定額水平,熱泵保溫烤房與燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房一次烘烤成本分別為263.49元與475.07元(皆包含人工管理費(fèi)),熱泵保溫烤房相比于燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房節(jié)能減排效果顯著;通過動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期方法,論證了熱泵保溫烤房相較于燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房的投資回收期約為3.96年;利用經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命法,討論了老舊燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房的最佳改造方案,進(jìn)行熱泵烤房的升級是最優(yōu)選擇,其經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命最長,為18年。有無熱濕回收系統(tǒng)的熱泵機(jī)組一次烘烤平均耗電量分別為628.04k W?h與785.19k W?h,熱濕回收的設(shè)置節(jié)省電量25.02%,說明熱濕回收系統(tǒng)與熱泵機(jī)組相得益彰,既降低了機(jī)組能耗又保留了煙葉烘烤形成的致香物質(zhì)。采用除濕能耗比(SMER)評價(jià)干燥系統(tǒng)綜合性能,熱泵保溫烤房除濕能耗比高出燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房29.30%,系統(tǒng)綜合干燥性能優(yōu)勢突出。其次,分析影響熱泵制熱性能的因素。為了消除室內(nèi)溫濕度控制的影響,采用穩(wěn)溫期(室內(nèi)溫濕度一定)工況分析影響機(jī)組制熱性能的因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響機(jī)組制熱性能的主要是負(fù)荷率與室外溫度,機(jī)組COP隨負(fù)荷率與室外溫度的提高皆有不同程度的升高;在變黃期室外溫度對COP的影響微弱,定色期有所提升,干筋期影響顯著;負(fù)荷率在整個(gè)烘烤過程中與機(jī)組COP密切相關(guān)。分別對變黃期、定色期、干筋期的機(jī)組COP與負(fù)荷率及室外溫度進(jìn)行“三次十系數(shù)”擬合,得到的擬合公式相關(guān)系數(shù)高,擬合效果好。再者,分析實(shí)驗(yàn)測試下的能耗特點(diǎn)。巫山煙區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)測試結(jié)果顯示,熱泵保溫烤房每千克干煙的烘烤成本(含人工管理費(fèi)用)為1.11元,同比燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房的2.97元節(jié)約烘烤成本63%。實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下熱泵保溫烤房較之燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房的動(dòng)態(tài)投資回收期為4.02年。最后,對比仿真計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試結(jié)果。利用假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)法分析仿真計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試下機(jī)組制熱性能公式的契合程度,在α=0.05顯著性水平下,可以認(rèn)為仿真計(jì)算中得出的制熱性能擬合公式與實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)契合程度高,沒有顯著差異。采用除濕能耗比(SMER)指標(biāo)評價(jià)仿真計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試下干燥系統(tǒng)的綜合性能,熱泵保溫烤房均優(yōu)于燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房,且仿真計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試結(jié)果大體相符,相對誤差約14.7%。分析仿真計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)測試結(jié)果的差異,燃煤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤房主要成因在于烤房圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)不同室外溫度下的熱量散失有偏差,熱泵保溫烤房歸結(jié)于不同工況(負(fù)荷率、室外溫度等因素不同)下機(jī)組制熱性能的差別。
[Abstract]:China is a big country of tobacco. Coal burning is a widely used method of flue cured tobacco for a long time. The increasing pressure of coal burning on energy and environment causes the new way of energy saving and emission reduction. Heat pump drying is a new technology which is gradually mature and green. However, the research on the field of tobacco baking is not good. The heat pump research on the drying process is mainly focused on two aspects of the performance of the heat pump unit and the expansion of the auxiliary heat source. In the improvement of the control mode, the application of high efficiency drying medium, the chemical heat pump, the absorption heat pump and so on has already had more fruitful results in the heating performance of the heat pump. The research on drying, solar energy assisted energy has also made great progress. In view of the large amount of wetting in the baking process, the research of heat and humidity recovery is constantly emerging. From hot air circulation to hot wet air, the heat and humidity of heat pump unit is exchanged from heat exchanger to heat and wet recovery of heat pump unit; now it is also developed to the joint supply of roast house group. There are some shortcomings in the previous study. It emphasizes the effect of single factor on the heat performance of the heat pump unit and desalination the influence of other factors in the heating condition. Most of the researches are based on the cost evaluation of the drying system of each kilogram dry tobacco, and it is difficult to accurately characterize the comprehensive performance of the system. Combined with the energy-saving benefit of heat and wet heat recovery technology compared with coal burning, the factors affecting the heat performance of heat pump are analyzed, and the performance formula of the heat pump unit under the requirement of baking process is put forward. The experimental platform is set up in Wushan smoke area, and the simulation results are confirmed. First, the model of the energy consumption of the roast room is established and simulated. The De ST software was used to establish a numerical model of coal burning standard roast house and heat pump thermal insulation roast room in Shapingba, Chongqing, which is 4 000kg, and the dynamic load calculation shows that the heat load peak of the heat pump room and the standard roast house of coal burning is 32.78k W and 37, respectively. .60k W, the application of heat insulation materials in heat heat heat pump room effectively reduces the peak heat load of about 15.4%. It has a positive effect on reducing the capacity of the unit and improving the unit hourly load rate. Further energy consumption calculation shows that the average power consumption of the baking room is 628.04 K W? H, the standard roast room of the heat pump in the heat pump, which has been baked in the fresh tobacco 4000kg and the dry tobacco leaves 800kg). The average power consumption of 260 K W? H, coal consumption 573.34kg, combined with the price human quota level in Chongqing area, the first baking cost of heat pump thermal insulation roast room and coal fired standard roast room is 263.49 yuan and 475.07 yuan respectively (all include artificial management fee), and the heat pump thermal insulation roast room is more effective than the coal standard roast house; through the dynamic investment recovery period It is proved that the investment recovery period of the heat pump thermal insulation room is about 3.96 years compared to the standard roast house of coal burning. By using the method of economic life, the best reform scheme of old standard coal burning house is discussed. It is the best choice to upgrade the heat pump roast room, its economic life is the longest, and the heat pump unit without heat and humidity recovery system is bake at one time. The power consumption is 628.04k W? H and 785.19k W? H respectively. The heat and humidity recovery is set to save the electricity by 25.02%, indicating that the heat and humidity recovery system and the heat pump unit complement each other, not only reduce the energy consumption of the unit, but also retain the aroma substances formed by the flue curing. The energy consumption ratio of dehumidification (SMER) is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the drying system, and the energy consumption ratio of the heat pump heat preservation roast room is compared. In order to reduce the heat performance of the heat pump, the factors affecting the heat performance of the heat pump are analyzed. In order to eliminate the influence of the temperature and humidity control in the room, the factors affecting the thermal performance of the unit are analyzed in order to eliminate the influence of the temperature and humidity control in the room. It is found that the main factors affecting the thermal performance of the unit are the load rate and the chamber. Outside temperature, the unit COP increases with the increase of the load rate and the outdoor temperature. In the yellowing period, the outdoor temperature has a weak influence on the COP, the color setting period is improved and the dry period has a significant influence. The load rate is closely related to the unit COP during the whole baking process. The unit COP and the load rate and room in the yellowing period, the color setting period and the dry period are respectively. The outer temperature is fitted with "three times ten coefficients", and the correlation coefficient of the fitting formula is high and the fitting effect is good. Furthermore, the characteristics of energy consumption under the experimental test are analyzed. The result of the experimental test in Wushan smoke area shows that the baking cost of the dry smoke of the heat pump heat preservation roast room is 1.11 yuan (including the artificial management fee), and the 2.97 yuan saving of the coal burning standard house is saved. The dynamic investment recovery period of the heat pump thermal insulation roast room is 4.02 years compared with the coal fired standard roast house under the 63%. test. Finally, the simulation calculation and the experimental test results are compared. Using the hypothesis test method, the agreement degree of the thermal performance formula of the unit under the simulation calculation and the experimental test is analyzed, and the simulation can be considered at the level of alpha =0.05. There is no significant difference between the fitting formula of the thermal performance and the measured data, and the performance of the heat pump heating room is better than that of the coal standard roast room, and the relative error is approximately equal to the relative error. The difference between the 14.7%. analysis simulation calculation and the experimental test results is that the main cause of the coal burning standard roast house is that the heat dissipation of the roast house is different from the outside temperature, and the heat pump thermal insulation room is attributed to the difference of the thermal performance of the unit under the different working conditions (load rate, outdoor temperature and so on).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU277;TU83

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3 巴，

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